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Interplanetary Networking

Interplanetary Networking. Yeah, we mean it. Mars Exploration. Internet links, on a big scale!. Radios comms on, and to Mars and the Moon.

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Interplanetary Networking

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  1. Interplanetary Networking Yeah, we mean it.

  2. Mars Exploration Internet links, on a big scale!

  3. Radios comms on, and to Mars and the Moon • Use FEC: Forward error correct -- redundant information sent to make it easy to recover data when you get an error. Used both on planet and between planets. • Often need to be in orbit to do good comms between planets. • Sun and planet can get in the way!

  4. NASA Haughton-Mars Project 2001 • International collaboration • Project PlanetNet: Comms for Planetary Exploration, CSA/NASA/SFU/CRC. • MADHR: Collaborative Networking for Exploration • Mobile Exploration Technologies: NASA Ames • HMP PI: Pascal Lee • Chief Engineer/Flight Engineer: Steve Braham • Collaborators: Peter Anderson, Rick Alena, Brian Glass, Bruce Gilbaugh

  5. Mars, on Devon Island • Canadian High Arctic • Twenty km Crater, 23 Mya • Hostile, permafrost, barren, bears • Mars-like! • Astrobiology • Geology • Exploration technology studies

  6. Mars-like Terrain!

  7. Another Planet

  8. Exploration Technology Studies • Robotics • Telemedicine • Mission Control • Field operations • Human/personal comms. • Internal Hab comms • System security, robustness, interoperability

  9. Mars Arctic Research Station • Simulated Mars Habitat • Two deck, landed spacecraft format • Built by Mars Society • NASA researchers on-board • Full “flight” in 2001 • Advanced Comms, computing

  10. Inside a spaceship

  11. “Biggest Mission in the World”

  12. Haughton-Mars Base Camp 2000 • 2000 Field Season: 150 researchers, 30 journalists • Communications tent connected to Internet via satellite link, 1999 onwards • Science traverses across crater region • Exploration technology studies

  13. Base Camp Region

  14. Arctic/Mars Explorers! • Far away from help • Far from base • Need to talk to other scientists • Bears!

  15. Comms/Sys on Devon • Expedition/Science support • Comms systems and physics experiments • Computing experiments • Systems integration experiments • Protocol studies • Mission Support (NASA JSC)

  16. High Bandwidth Field Systems • Physics limits capabilities of conventional wireless network systems in open field, high bandwidth situations. • Ground multipath dominates at high speed, and spread spectrum and frequency hopping systems fail. • Canyons mean bandwidth must be delivered in the worst multipathing situations!

  17. Advanced Radio Technology • Systems being tested in BC Mars Analog environments for good multipath behavior. • Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing: advanced, but expensive. 4th generation wireless comms. • Advanced control and monitoring: close to operational needs for Mars exploration.

  18. Radio/SatCom Integrated

  19. Space Communications • Bandwidth, Bit Error Rate, other Quality of Service: faster, cheaper, and maybe even better! • Steerable beams on NASA ACTS: Mars-Sat analog • Marginal links, near horizon, large variation

  20. Mars Comms Physics • Ionospheric propagation: data collection through satcom links. • Tropospheric propagation effects: through radio link behavior, combined with detailed weather data. MGS data. • Multipath performance analysis of radios. Trying to bounce radio signals • Spectrum measurement. Trying to see how complex the radio situation is in the field.

  21. Base Camp • Geology Tent • Biology Tent • Kitchen Tent, with Shower! • Comms Tent (SFU!) • Two Toilet Tents and “Pee Drum” (don’t ask) • Village of Personal tents, far from the Kitchen (no Bear midnight snacking!)

  22. Building a network for Mars • Spacecraft lands on Mars • Astronauts, Robots, set up radio network • Hab communicates with spacecraft in orbit • Spacecraft relays messages between Earth and Mars. Maybe lasers.

  23. Multiple systems • Satellite phone for emergencies • Satellite power amplifier • Satellite digital modem • Network bridge • Digital network radio

  24. Day in the life on Mars • Wake up in morning • Receive data from Mission Control • Prepare, do EVA • Receive data from EVA crew, Hab and Mission Control • Transmit data, medical data, to Earth

  25. Radio Repeater Network • Digital packet-level repeating through exploration region • System needs to route packets to right place • Remote network status monitoring • Need for power sources • Deployment in a space suit

  26. Roving!

  27. Global Communication

  28. Interplanetary Networking Protocols • IPN: Interplanetary Networking Protocol, based on older concepts for pushing large files from one planet to another. Trades interactivity for reliability • UDP: Normal UDP/IP, use commercial technology and build what you need.

  29. Telemetry and Robotics • Return of data from remote instruments • Tend to be commands files to robot, or data files back • Earth-control of robotics • Tele-operation of robotic rovers from Hab

  30. File transfer • Reliability • Time priority effects protocol • MDPv2: broadcast based, multicast capable. Large, low time priority • IPN: Relying on FEC. Smaller, higher time priority • Applications more than both broadcast or file transfer

  31. PolyLAB’s Interplanetary Mailbox • Use normal mail client protocols (IMAP, POP3) to deliver and read mail on mail server. • Use a special UDP-based (MDPv2) protocol to move messages between Earth and Mars.

  32. Connected Intelligence • Extensive communication required for scientific field exploration • Mission operations requires complex modalities in Human missions • Purely robotic comms solutions don’t work • Protocols define capabilities • Applications define protocols • Transport, then application

  33. Videoconferencing

  34. Broadcast • Video and Audio • Telemetry • Can lose frames for humans • Robots respond badly to partial data • Humans on both sides in human missions • UDP fine • SCPS is the IPN equivalent.

  35. Remote Communication

  36. Collaborative Software

  37. Advanced Services • Database access: access and update of information. • XML standards/translation services: similar to WML/WAP. • Distributed computing: systems all over the planet • Voice input and output: hands tough to use in a spacesuit! • Regional, space, network management

  38. Need to be Alive, Need to be Happy! • Get dirty, smelly • Get to know all the habits of the team • limited entertainment • 6-9 months TO Mars • 18 months ON Mars • It’s about people

  39. What’s it good for? • Disaster communications • Remote communities • Developing countries • Testing advanced systems

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