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From a Community of Believers to an Islam of the Heart:

From a Community of Believers to an Islam of the Heart:. “Conspicuous” Symbols, Muslim Practices, and the Privatization of Religion in France. By Brittany Hearth. Secularism in France. In 2004, secularism greatly affected Muslims in France.

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From a Community of Believers to an Islam of the Heart:

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  1. From a Community of Believers to an Islam of the Heart: “Conspicuous” Symbols, Muslim Practices, and the Privatization of Religion in France By Brittany Hearth

  2. Secularism in France • In 2004, secularism greatly affected Muslims in France. • “conspicuous” religious symbols were banned from schools. Including: • Large crosses • Jewish kippot • Muslim headscarves How would this affect you?

  3. Resist or Accommodate? • Resist • “Establishing strong boundaries with the broader culture, resisting cultural encroachments as much as possible, and setting the group up as a radical alternative” • Accommodation • “adapting certain features of the religion to make it more consonant with secular ways of life.”

  4. Killian’s Study • Interviewed 45 women in Paris and surrounding suburbs • Most immigrants are in the lower ring of society in France • Why is this significant to the study?

  5. United States vs France • The United States takes pride in fleeing religious persecution. • France expects religious expression to be contained to home or place of worship. • Why such a difference?

  6. United States vs France Cont. • From a French standpoint: • “Negative” secularism • State cannot favor a specific religion (McClay) • “Positive” secularism • Religion and religious symbols are not aloud in public institutions (McClay)

  7. How has the secular society affected Muslims in France? • 1/3: believe do not actively practice • 1/3: still very religious • 1/3: religious, but do not pray daily

  8. Difficulty practicing Islam in France • Holidays • Muslim calendar vs Catholic Calendar • Prayer • Life in France makes prayer difficult • The French do no respect the Muslim day of prayer • Headscarf • Most feel the it isn’t required to be a good Muslim

  9. Auslander’s Argument p43 • “…The requirement that people bear no distinctive signs of religious belonging and yet that they inhabit an everyday life that is rhythmed by the Christian calendar forces observant Muslims and Jews to make a choice…”

  10. Proof of Cultural Adaptation • “[m]y religion, I keep it inside of me. I don’t show anyone, because it belongs to me and God, nobody else,” • They are redefining what it means to be a “good Muslim”

  11. Results of Study • CSA poll: 42% Muslims favored ban in France • From Killian’s Study: • 12 of 28 were against headscarf ban (43%) • 16 of 28 were for the ban (nearly 60%) • Other participants had mixed feelings

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