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Chapter 16

Chapter 16. Population, the Environment & Social Change . Population. The U.S. Population U.S. 311,321,15 8 (May 9, 2011). Since 1946, the population has doubled The world population: 6,917,380,079 (May 9, 2011). The world’s population will double in 40 years. . Population Curve.

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Chapter 16

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  1. Chapter 16 Population, the Environment & Social Change

  2. Population The U.S. Population U.S. 311,321,158(May 9, 2011). • Since 1946, the population has doubled The world population: 6,917,380,079 (May 9, 2011). • The world’s population will double in 40 years.

  3. Population Curve

  4. Social Issues • Traffic jams • unemployment • water and food shortages • environmental pollution • Global warming • War and violence • High epidemic proportion

  5. The Demographic Processes • Three variables used to determine population size : deaths, births, and immigration. Total Fertility Rate (TFR): The # of the children per woman in her lifetime Life Expectancy: The average number of years a member of the group can expect to live Immigration: movement into society. Emigration: movement out of society.

  6. Life Expectancy: Top 15 and Bottom 15

  7. Male Life Expectancy

  8. Female Life Expectancy

  9. GNI & Life Expectancy High GNI = High Life Expectancy • Medicine • Medical system/health care system • Education • Food supply, nutrition • Sanitation system • technology, communication (news, warning) • technology, architecture (earthquake, tunami, harricane) • less war (conflict) • Employment rate • Financial/ physical stress • The system of the government • Criminal Justice System

  10. Infant Mortality Rate • Infant mortality: the number of deaths per year of infants less than one year old for every 1000 live births. the leading causes of infant deaths • Infectious diseases • Dehydration • Malnourishment • lack of sanitation.

  11. Total Fertility Rate: Top 15 and Bottom 15

  12. Total Fertility Rate (TRF)

  13. GDP per capita & TFR

  14. Film, “World in the Balance” India, Japan, Sub-Saharan Africa (Kenya) • Reasons for high/low TFR • Age(population)-pyramid • Social consequences and expected social Issues

  15. TFR GNP per capita • India 3.11 ( 77th out of 195) $620 (159th) • Japan 1.29 (184th) $37,050 (9th) • Kenya 5 (28th) $480 (171th) • The U.S. 2.04 127th

  16. Demographic Transition Theory

  17. Age-Sex Pyramid

  18. GNI & TFR Low GNI per capita = High TFR • Availability of birth control/ contraception • Family planning facilities • Sex education • values (gender preference for children & the family size) • women’s status within the family • Women’s marriage age • Young women’s education & economic status • Cost for raising children • Child laborer

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