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British Civil War

Rise of Parliament. British Civil War. 1640s – Civil War in Britain Fought between Calvinist Protestants and Church of England. Background To War. This civil war was a movement of Liberalism and Representative institutions. 1603 – Queen Elizabeth dies Parliament becomes restless

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British Civil War

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  1. Rise of Parliament British Civil War

  2. 1640s – Civil War in Britain • Fought between Calvinist Protestants and Church of England

  3. Background To War • This civil war was a movement of Liberalism and Representative institutions

  4. 1603 – Queen Elizabeth dies • Parliament becomes restless • James I, then Charles I become king • Parliament doesn’t trust him-Catholic

  5. Parliament wont’ give them adequate revenue to accomplish their goals

  6. Why they didn’t like Charles • -he supported church hierarchy • Knew king would make laws and solve cases at his own discretion • They were all property owners and feared he would raise taxes • He was an absolutist

  7. Deadlock • Parliament in England concentrated • One for the whole country , represented by landed interest in both houses • 1629 – deadlock • Charles wants to expand navy, needs money, tries to raise it without parliamentary consent

  8. He wanted to do whatever he wanted – absolutist • Ship Money Dispute • Political classes don’t accept unlimited King • Scots rebel in 1637 – Edinburgh

  9. Charles summons parliament to quash rebellion NO • Dissolved parliament, the same men elected again • Long Parliament 20 years • Passed its own demands

  10. Emergence of Cromwell • Oliver Cromwell comes to the foreground in Parliament • Most powerful person in parliament • He argues that Charles cannot be trusted, and must be executed • Parliament hesitates

  11. ‘Prides Purge’ – weeds out most of long parliament • Left a rump of 50 • Charles sentenced to death in 1649

  12. England declared a republic – Cromwell governed • He subdues Ireland and Scotland by force • 1000s of Catholics killed, women and children, and priests • Cromwell had difficulty governing – had to use military law • Ruled as Lord Protector

  13. He dies in 1658 – 2 years later Royalty restored – Charles II • Legacy of Cromwell – nightmare- had to rule by force

  14. The Triumph of Parliament • Restoration 1660-68 • Parliament gets power back • Abolished feudal land payments to king, establishes private property • Land owning class become a propertied aristocracy • Parliament enacts taxation instead of feudal dues • Gives power to parliament

  15. They consolidated religion • Dissenters forbidden from governing bodies

  16. Test Act 1673 • All officeholders must take communion from church of England • Make it impossible for Catholics to serve in government

  17. James (Brother) next in line to be king • He’s Catholic • Parliament moves to keep James from throne • Whigs • Supporters Tories

  18. Revolution of 1688 • James II becomes King in 1685 • Acted as if there was no Test Act • Appoints many Catholics • Promotes religious toleration • Made laws on his own will

  19. Tories and Whigs join forces • 1688 James has a son, baptized Catholic • Both Parties abandon James • Offer the throne to his daughter Mary • Protestant • Husband of William of Orange • He has support of both parties James flees

  20. Constitutional forces and Anglican protestants win • 1689 – Parliament enacts a bill of rights • No law suspended by King • No tax or army without parl. Consent • William III accepted – legal contract

  21. Act of Settlement 1701 • No Catholic could be King

  22. Glorious Revolution • 1688 Becomes known as the Glorious Revolution • -establishes control of parliamentary government • -rule of law • -right of rebellion against tyranny • -Overthrow of James II limited • John Locke

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