HEP in the Classroom

1. HEP in the Classroom Dr. Sascha Schmeling CERN/EP HST Programme 2001

2. Overview • Particle Physics as a Subject in Schools • Example for a curriculum • Popular School Experiments • CRT, e/m, Millikan • Self-built Experiments • Cosmic muon detection • Short Discussion • available experiments • existing knowledge • Hands-on Workshop

3. Curriculum if not, it is a good opportunity!!! • Repetition of known experiments • Cathode Ray Tube, Millikan, e/m • Work with an interactive system • Discuss found problems, Work on specific topics • Homework: Preparation of Short Talks • Talks, Q&A • “Own” experiment, Outlook, Links to other subjects many systems already available Feynman diagrams, various experiments

4. mostly known for nuclear physics experiments principle see the name possible experiments visualisation of elementary particles Cloud Chamber

5. THE experiment to show that matter on our scales has a substructure principle scattering scattered beams primary a beam 241Am gold foil detector Rutherford’s Experiment

6. well-known experiment, with screen useable for various effects principle acceleration with electrical fields deflection with different field types electron beam vacuum tube anode accelerationvoltage cathode Cathode Ray Tube

7. Electron Beam Diffraction Tube • not really particle physics but good possibility to show the wave nature of electrons • principle • Bragg reflection at graphite • electron waves • possible experiments: • wave length measurement • h measurement

8. Millikan Experiment • classical experiment (first performed 1916) to show quantisation of the electrical charge • principle: • electric force • possible experiment: • measurement of electron charge

9. Multimedia Tools • Some of these experiments cannot be shown in every school, as they are expensive. • Why not use multimedia for this? • Example: Millikan-Experiment with ViMPS Black box! Pupils always use computers! There exist many ready-to-use applets even from teachers for teachers! Anyway, one should restrict that! Sure, but there is the need – sometimes!

10. Fine Beam Tube • instructive measurement of electron properties • principle: • Lorentz Force • possible experiment: • measurement of e/m

11. Theoretical input: Measurement: e/m Experiment

12. Circular Accelerator e/m ? magnetic field cathode electron beam accel.voltage

13. Franck-Hertz Experiment • also not a real “particle physics” experiment but good to show quantisation • principle: • ionisation by electrons • possible experiment: • illustrate Bohr’s model

14. Self-Made Experiments • In contrast to these – expensive – standard experiments, it is possible to set up small experiments with available or not expensive to buy pieces, such as • coffee pots • neon tubes • wire • with these tools it is possible to perform nice experiments with cosmic muons KamioCan Muon detection small spark chamber

15. small experiment to detect muons simple set-up power supply oscilloscope photomultiplier pot with large(r) pot you can measure the muon lifetime PC needed documented electronics KamioCan

16. Muon Lifetime • expected signal from photomultiplier • background (non-m) • m- +background • m+ • for unfolding one could fit a function and derive the muon lifetime: only use for t>~2ms Nice to relate to mathematics!?

17. another small experiment to detect cosmic muons very simple set-up neon tubes (even faulty ones) power supply adjustable to your needs/wishes granularity efficiency Neon Tubes

18. Questions?! The End See you at the workshop!