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Basal ganglia & cerebellar pathology

Basal ganglia & cerebellar pathology. Vivian Phan. Cerebellum. MAJOR TRACTS THAT GO THROUGH CEREBELLUM: Spinocerebellar (sensory/ascending): unconscious proprioception Vestibulospinal (motor/ extrapyramidal): balance, posture (+ extensors) Olivocerebellar. Cerebellar lesions.

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Basal ganglia & cerebellar pathology

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  1. Basal ganglia & cerebellar pathology Vivian Phan

  2. Cerebellum • MAJOR TRACTS THAT GO THROUGH CEREBELLUM: • Spinocerebellar (sensory/ascending): unconscious proprioception • Vestibulospinal (motor/ extrapyramidal): balance, posture (+ extensors) • Olivocerebellar

  3. Cerebellar lesions

  4. Basal ganglia Basal ganglia consists of 4 subcortical nuclei: 1. Striatum (caudate nucleus, putamen, nucleus accumbens) 2. Globus pallidus (Gp) 3. Subthalamic nucleus 4. Substantianigra

  5. BG movement disorders • Bradykinesia / hypokinesia • Rigidity • Dystonia • Athetosis • Chorea • Ballismus • Tics • Myoclonus • Tremor (fast or slow depending on type) SLOW HYPERKINETIC Unwanted or excessive movements FAST

  6. BG movement disorders Striatum  Huntington’s chorea GP  Choreoathetosis e.g. Wilson’s Subthalamic nucleus  (Hemi)Ballismus Substantianigra Parkinson’s

  7. BG disorder treatments

  8. BG disorder treatment • General rule: • Hypokinesia (e.g. Parkinson’s): Dopamine levels – precursor, prevent breakdown • Hyperkinesia (the rest!): Dopamine levels – antagonists, depletors, then relaxants (to calm them down)

  9. Motor control

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