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1. Coevolution
2. Coevolution Between plants and animals
A relationship develops between two organisms such that, as they interact with each other over time, each exerts a selection pressure on the other.
Evolution of each becomes interdependent on that interaction
3. Coevolution “a reciprocally induced evolutionary change over time between two organisms”
4. Types of relationships...
5. Symbiotic relationshipAnts and Acacia tress
6. How is it a mutual relationship? Ants provide tree services too! Attack herbivores, chew up nearby trees so Acacias aren’t in shadows.
Tree provides ants- nectar for food, thorns for nest, protein rich Beltian bodies (on leaf tips)
7. Example #2- Figs and Wasps
8. Why is it mutually beneficial? Reproductive system of both are tied together.
Fig benefits from pollination
Wasps benefit by having a food source for larva
9. Some primate examples Mutualism
Seed dispersal
Pollination
Predation
Seed predation
Parasitism
Strangling fig
Polyspecific associations
10. Plants and Seed Dispersal
11. Processing technique
13. Seeds fate? Not get eaten by secondary predator (rats)
Buried or in enough feces to germinate
Seedling survival (limited- 1 out of 4000 seeds)
14. Seed properties Should be resistent to chewing
Oval shape facilitates swallowing whole
Color attractive to primate (bright?)
Large to prevent damage
15. Pollination Morphological adaptations
Flower size, color, smell
Number of plants visited
Flower handling
16. Morphology Muzzle length
Tongue (lemur picture)
17. Flower morphology
18. Visits and handling Must visit more than one tree with flowers to transfer pollen
Need to handle flowers carefully so don’t destroy reproductive parts.
20. Parasitism
25. Once upon a time... In general, a hard relationship to document- a bit of “story” telling
Evolutionary Story Telling- the Angiosperm hypothesis (Handout in coursepack)