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Understanding Mitosis and the Cell Cycle: An In-depth Guide

Explore the stages of cell division in genetics, focusing on mitosis and the cell cycle. Learn about key vocabulary and the four stages of mitosis: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase. Discover the process of cytokinesis and the creation of identical daughter cells. Get insights on cell division rates in different cell types.

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Understanding Mitosis and the Cell Cycle: An In-depth Guide

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  1. How many stages of cell division do you see in this image? Genetics Unit: Mitosis

  2. Cell Cycle Mitosis will be our main focus. First, we will look at Interphase… )

  3. Interphase • Longest stage of cell division (90% of cell cycle) • Nucleus is visible • Cell is growing and DNA is being replicated. )

  4. Most of these cells are in Interphase Interphase:3 Phases • G1: Cell is Growing • S: DNA is Synthesized (DNA Replication) • G2: Organelles duplicate in preparation for division )

  5. Key Vocabulary • DNA molecules are packaged into . • Human (body cells) have 46 • Human (sperm or eggs) have 23 • Chromosomes are made of a material called . chromosomes somatic cells chromosomes. gametes chromosomes. chromatin

  6. Key Vocabulary • Chromatin is composed of and . • It is supercoiled around proteins, called . • Together the DNA and histone molecules form bead-like structures called DNA proteins histones nucleosomes

  7. Key Vocabulary • The chromosome is duplicated. • Each duplicated chromosome consists of two . • These are connected by a . sister chromatids centromere

  8. Mitosis (M Phase) The M Phase consists of: • Mitosis and Cytokinesis Four Stages of Mitosis: • Prophase • Metaphase • Anaphase • Telophase For Homework: Left-side IntNB assignment: Write an Acrostic Poem for the four stages of Mitosis

  9. Preparing for Division Late Interphase: G2 Centrosomes (with centriole pairs) Nuclear membrane still visible Nucleolus Chromatin has been replicated

  10. Preparing for Division Late Interphase: G2 Prophase Centromere Early Spindle Apparatus Nuclear membrane disappears Chromosome consisting of two sister chromatids

  11. Metaphase Chromosomes line up at an imaginary line between the centrosomes at opposite ends of the cell. The spindle attaches to the centromeres.

  12. Anaphase Spindles pull the “daughter” chromosomes appart

  13. Telophase Telophase & Cytokinesis Two nuclei become visible In animal cells, a Cleavage Furrow is visible In plant cells, a cell plate is now visible Cytokinesis The cytoplasm and organelles divide.

  14. What’s the end product? • Two identical daughter cells ready to start the cycle again… or not. • Some cells (like your nerve and muscle cells) do not undergo division. • For those that do (your skin and the lining of your intestinal tract) how would you know how quickly division takes place?

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