1 / 50

Linux System Configuration and Administration

Linux System Configuration and Administration. “ Power Linux – Unleash the full potentials of Linux”, BIET, Davangere. By Chetan Kumar S Wipro Technologies. Organization of the Talk. Installation of Linux System Configuration Network configuration Sharing with Windows

daniel_millan
Download Presentation

Linux System Configuration and Administration

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Linux System Configuration and Administration “Power Linux – Unleash the full potentials of Linux”, BIET, Davangere. By Chetan Kumar S Wipro Technologies

  2. Organization of the Talk • Installation of Linux • System Configuration • Network configuration • Sharing with Windows • Printer Configuration • Some security configuration • Administrations • User Management • User home pages BEIT Presentation

  3. Organization of Talk • System maintenance • Using package manager • Cost Effective Linux solutions • Network Booting • Single media Linux BEIT Presentation

  4. Where do you start • Is Your Hardware Compatible? • http://hardware.redhat.com/hcl/ • Do You Have Enough Disk Space? • You have to decide, remove any virus if required, use fips • Can You Install Using the CD-ROM? • Your BIOS may need to be changed to boot from your CD-ROM • Alternative Boot Methods • Boot Diskette • Driver Diskettes • Network Device Drivers Diskette BEIT Presentation

  5. Gather more info • Use ‘other’ OS to know more • Personal Desktop Installations • Learning About Your Hardware with Windows BEIT Presentation

  6. The auspicious occasion • The Graphical Installation Program User Interface (text mode is also available) • Choose the language, keyboard and mouse • Choose upgrade or new installation • Better to choose fresh installation BEIT Presentation

  7. Installation of Linux… • Choose personal desktop installation For the first, but next time you bet on Custom • After all Linux is knowing more Choose partition using disk druid Otherwise fdisk, in older BEIT Presentation

  8. Installation of Linux… • Configure the partition: • Set the mount point • Set the SWAP size • Set the /boot space • Enable Ext3 formatting BEIT Presentation

  9. Installation of Linux… Choose the boot loader Grub or Lilo • Configure the “Network Configuration” • DHCP, Firewall, IP address etc.. BEIT Presentation

  10. Installation of Linux… Choose the “Root password” Accept the default package selection or customize using the “Customize option” BEIT Presentation

  11. Installation of Linux… BEIT Presentation Installation starts and go on inserting the required CD when asked

  12. Post Installation Create a boot diskette Configure your video card, monitor and screen resolution Reboot and start your Linux….! BEIT Presentation

  13. System Configuration • Kickstart Configurator • Kickstart Configurator allows you to create a kickstart file using a graphical user interface, so that you do not have to remember the correct syntax of the file. • To use Kickstart Configurator, you must be running the X Window System. To start Kickstart Configurator, select the Main Menu Button (on the Panel) => System Tools => Kickstart, or type the command /usr/sbin/redhat-config-kickstart. • As you are creating a kickstart file, you can select File => Preview at any time to review your current selections. BEIT Presentation

  14. System Configuration… • Network configuration Networking can always be configured after installation with the Network Administration Tool (redhat-config-network). For each Ethernet card on the system, click Add Network Device and select the network device and network type of the device. Select eth0 as the network device for the first Ethernet card, select eth1 for the second Ethernet card, and so on. BEIT Presentation

  15. Printer Configuration • Menu=> Printing=> New Printer => choose the printer and printing tool (e.g. Post script printer) • Testing printer • Just do lpq to see printer status • Lpr <filename> • Should print the file BEIT Presentation

  16. Printer Configuration • Useful Websites • http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/p/printer.html General denitions of printers and descriptions of printer types. • http://www.linuxprinting.org A database of documents about printing, along with a database of • nearly 1000 printers compatible with Linux printing facilities. • http://www.cups.org/ Documentation, FAQs, and newsgroups about CUPS. • http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/Printing-HOWTO/index.html The Linux Printing-HOWTO from the Linux Documentation Project. BEIT Presentation

  17. User Security Authentication In the Authentication section, select whether to use shadow passwords and MD5 encryption for user passwords. The Authentication Configuration options allow you to configure the following methods of authentication: NIS, LDAP, Kerberos 5, Hesiod, SMB, Name Switch Cache These methods are not enabled by default. To enable one or more of these methods, click the appropriate tab, click the checkbox next to Enable, and enter the appropriate information for the authentication method. BEIT Presentation

  18. Network Security • Firewalls • Choose between High, Medium, and Disabled security levels. BEIT Presentation

  19. Network Security • Common Access control system • /etc/hosts • /etc/hosts.allow • /etc/hosts.deny • /etc/hosts.equiv • For more info refer docs on iptable, firewall BEIT Presentation

  20. Sharing With Windows • SMB protocol to share files and printers across a network connection. Operating systems that support this protocol include Microsoft Windows (through its Network Neighborhood), OS/2, and Linux. • SMB implementation in Linux is called samba • There are two things one can do • Share your files/printer with other windows machine • Access windows shared printer/files on linux BEIT Presentation

  21. Allow Windows to share • You need to start samba server and nmb server • /etc/rc.d/init.d/smb start • Whatever you want to share is added in /etc/samba/smb.conf • Every change in conf file require restarting of server • Just browse OR find computer from windows to see these files/folders • You can share folders, CD, printer BEIT Presentation

  22. To access windows share • Smbclient is a samba client • Smbclient –L myhost to see all share • Smbclient \\\\myhost\\myshare • This will login to share and you can access the share • \\\\myhost\\printer can be written to print files • Smbmount can be used to mount (map) folders on to local host • Smbumount to unmount • There are tools (GUI) for both sharing and accessing files BEIT Presentation

  23. User Management BEIT Presentation

  24. User Management • Simple way to add user is adduser command • Passwd will allow to change the passwd • Ofcourse there are host of GUI tools for all these user management • Group all common user to single group • Be carefull while editing /etc/passwd • /etc/shadow passwd file may also exist BEIT Presentation

  25. User Management • Common files to look at • /etc/passwd • /etc/group • /etc/shadow • /etc/samba/smbusers BEIT Presentation

  26. User Management • Common files to look at • /etc/passwd • /etc/group • /etc/shadow • /etc/samba/smbusers BEIT Presentation

  27. Web server on Linux • Apache server is mostly available on Linux • Rpm –q –all | grep apache to check • This can be started via init services • /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd start • Configuration files are at /etc/httpd/conf/ • Normally log files at /var/log/httpd BEIT Presentation

  28. User home pages • Will allow user to have home pages • http://myhost.com/~user1 • Need to edit /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf • Enable UserDir public_html • Any user can have their page at public_html • Eg. /home/user1/public_html for user1 • /home/user2/public_html for user2 BEIT Presentation

  29. System maintenance Using package manager • Package Management Tool • Because people use their computers differently, users might want to install or remove packages after installation. The Package Management Tool allows users to perform these actions. • RPM is good package management tool in RedHat Linux BEIT Presentation

  30. System maintenance (redhat) • The X Window System is required to run the Package Management Tool. • To start the application, go to the Main Menu Button (on the Panel) => System Settings => Add/Remove Applications, • Type the command redhat-config-packages at shell prompt. • Command line tool rpm BEIT Presentation

  31. Lost Root Passwd BEIT Presentation

  32. Lost Root Passwd • If you have Lilo installed, type • LILI: linux init 1 • Change the root passwd, reboot aga • If you have installed grub • Type ‘e’ to go to edit mode, add init 1 argument at the end • Boot with knoppix or single floppy linux • Mount the disk and change root passwd • Reboot !! BEIT Presentation

  33. Cost Effective Linux Solutions • You have PC, with less harddisk for dual OS • You have PC, on which you do not want to install Linux • Good heaven's do not do that • There is a spurt of Linux PC requirements for short duration of time • For Linux LAB in one term OR during LAB examinations • You have old PC, with out sizable hard disk So you need Linux host for all the above case BEIT Presentation

  34. Cost Effective Linux Solution • Some most easy approach • Network booting • Single CD Linux • Single floppy Linux BEIT Presentation

  35. Network Booting • No need for harddisk(or harddisk with Linux) on every host • High level work flow • The system boots up, may be with floppy (could be with hard disk also) • Sends dhcp request for IP number, gets one • Mounts the root file system over NFS BEIT Presentation

  36. Requirements for Network Booting • Setup an LAN infrastructure • Need to setup nfs server • Need to setup dhcp server • Build a kernel image for network booting BEIT Presentation

  37. Setup an LAN infrastructure Hub Ethernet Cable Ethernet Cable NFS server Your m/c to be booted Your host, NFS server and DHCP server should be on same LAN BEIT Presentation

  38. Setup nfs server • Edit /etc/exports file before starting the nfs server. • /     10.114.7.115(rw,no_root_squash) • This will export all files with root r/w to host 10.114.7.115 • Save your exports file and from the prompt execute exportfs command • Start the nfs server (nfs daemon) • E.g. /etc/rc.d/inid.d/nfs start BEIT Presentation

  39. Setup dhcp server • Add in your /etc/dhcpd.conf before starting the dhcp server. • Set the correct MAC address in /etc/dhcpd.conf as follows: subnet <subnet address e.g.10.3.31.0> netmask 255.255.255.0 { } subnet 10.10.10.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { host master { hardware Ethernet <Mac address of your Ethernet card>; fixed-address <IP address of your machine e.g.10.10.10.1>; option root-path <your root path>”; } } • Save your /etc/dhcpd.conf file • start the dhcpd dameon by “/etc/rc.d/init.d/dhcpd start” command BEIT Presentation

  40. Build a kernel image for network booting • Linux Kernel compilation steps: • Assumptions: machine x86 (i386); boot loader lilo.   • Get plain vanilla kernel from www.kernel.org • Explode it into a directory (better if can do it in /usr/src/) => tar -zxvf linux-2.x.xx.tar.gz • Optional: create a symbolic link ln -s  linux-2.x.xx linux • cd to linux directory • cd /usr/src/linux or cd /usr/src/linux-2.x.xx • Select the components support by make menuconfig or make xconfig  - save the configuration • Select IP:BOOTP support from Networking options • In File system -> Network File System -> Select • NFS File system support and • Root file system on NFS • Do • Make dep bzImage • Make modules modules_install BEIT Presentation

  41. Build a kernel image for network booting… • Copy the /usr/src/linux/arch/i386/boot/bzImage to /boot • Do mkbootdisk with new kernel as argument • Optional take a coffee or tea break ? BEIT Presentation

  42. Putting all together.. • Make sure you are running dhcp server • Make sure you are running nfs server • On any PC that need Linux for temporary time • Boot with new floopy you just made • That’s it !!! BEIT Presentation

  43. Knoppix Single CD Linux • Knoppix is full Linux on a single CD • Can be freely downloaded from www.knoppix.com • Just make your PC to boot from CD, that is all required • Your current software (OS) on your system will not be lost • If there is less memory, you can create temporary swap on dos partation • You can access dos partation BEIT Presentation

  44. Knoppix more info • Hardware Requirements • Minimum of 486 PC, 20M ram for text mode, 90M for graphics mode and128M for office suite • Bootable CD drive + key board, mouse, multimedia • Software available • 2.4 kernel, standard drivers, development tools, Internet applications, multimedia applications • Upto 2GB worth software in total • How to load/install start • Step 1 put the 'cd' in drive, switch on the power • All the configuration is “auto” • Step 2 Enjoy working on Linux BEIT Presentation

  45. Knoppix can be handy • The fact is you need not install Knoppix on harddisk • So can be used in Demo of linux or software on Linux • So you need extra Linux machine lab ?? 2 minutes !! • No extra space on harddisk on old PC's, just use knoppix • Got a new laptop, just boot Linux on that in a jiffy BEIT Presentation

  46. Knoppix in Emergency BEIT Presentation

  47. Knoppix at emergency • Lost root passwd, boot knoppix, mount the harddisk, edit /mnt/etc/passwd, reboot old linux • Can be dangerous, spurious user can do the same • Linux do not boot, boot with knoppix and recover the important files • Best part is you also recover lost dos/windows files as well • You have screwed up your configuration • Boot with knoppix and bring back to default BEIT Presentation

  48. Single Floppy Linux • Similar to Knoppix, but over a floppy • Will have much lesser applications • Some distributions come with two or more floppy • MuLinux quite esay to use • http://mulinux.nevalabs.org/ • Coyote linux: mostly for network applications • http://www.coyotelinux.com/ BEIT Presentation

  49. References • http://www.tldp.org/ (The Linux Documentation Project) : It contains a lots and lots of well documented and timely documents to learn and trouble shoot your Linux system (it’s free) • http://www.tldp.org/guides.html • The Linux System Administrators' Guide • Lars Wirzenius, Joanna Oja, Stephen Stafford, and Alex Weeks • It’s free and available at http://www.tldp.org/guides.html • The Linux Cookbook: Tips and Techniques for Everyday Use • Michael Stutz • It’s free and available at http://www.tldp.org/guides.html • The Linux Network Administrator's Guide, Second Edition • Olaf Kirch and Terry Dawson • It’s free and available at http://www.tldp.org/guides.html • http://www.redhat.com/docs/ BEIT Presentation

  50. Thanks BEIT Presentation

More Related