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Student Engagement Index for Belongingness, Engagement, and Self-Confidence

This research aims to create an instrument that measures student engagement, belongingness, and self-confidence to provide valuable insights across disciplines and over time. The instrument consists of 16 items, 6 each for belongingness and engagement, and 4 for self-confidence. It has been piloted with 709 first-year students and further validated with responses from 2841 first-year students in 13 universities. The instrument has shown promising results in explaining variance and can be used to analyze the impact of various demographic variables on student motivation and engagement.

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Student Engagement Index for Belongingness, Engagement, and Self-Confidence

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  1. ‘Belongingness’, engagement and self-confidence in first-year students Mantz Yorke Lancaster University mantzyorke@mantzyorke.plus.com This work is supported by the Paul Hamlyn Foundation and the Higher Education Academy

  2. The challenge As part of the ‘What Works? Student Retention & Success Programme’: To design an instrument that will provide an index of student engagement, ‘belongingness’, and self-confidence that can ‘work’ over time and across disciplines

  3. NSSE, AUSSE and similar instruments, such as the HEA Pilot Won’t do this particular job, though they may be fine for others Academic demand changes over time 1 3 Year Subject 2 English Academic demand varies across subjects Engineering Fine Art

  4. The instrument • 16 scaled items, Strongly Agree … Strongly Disagree • 4 of these are negatively stated, necessitating reverse-scoring • 13 Demographic items • Piloted with 709 first-year students in 4 varied universities • 3 Scales: • Belonging (6 Items, Alpha .76) • Engagement (6 Items, Alpha .76) • Self-confidence (4 Items, Alpha .72) • Variance explained = 52%

  5. First administration • 13 universities participated • 2841 responses from first-year students in Nov-Dec 2013 • Technical characteristics of instrument almost exactly as pilot • 3 Scales: • Belonging (6 Items, Alpha .77) • Engagement (6 Items, Alpha .75) • Self-confidence (4 Items, Alpha .74) • Variance explained = 51%

  6. Some demographic cuts Significance levels are indicative only Adverse circumstances index based on Dependants; PT job; Quiet space; Travel time

  7. Positive v. ‘No better than neutral’ motivation Demographic variables seem to have little influence on level of motivation Psychology > Sociology?

  8. A ‘Straws in the wind’ analysis, based on % SA + A

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