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Communicative Competence and Systemic Functional Model of Language. hagustien@yahoo.com. Why we need a CC model.

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  1. Communicative Competence and Systemic Functional Model of Language hagustien@yahoo.com

  2. Why we need a CC model Celce-Murcia et al.’s effort has been motivated by the belief in the potential in the direct, explicit approach to the teaching of communicative skills, which would require a detailed description of what CC entails in order to use the sub-components as a content base in syllabus design.(p.6)

  3. Competence Socio – Cultural Comp. Competence Strategic Discourse Competence Actional Comp. Linguistic Comp..

  4. What does CC entail? • Discourse Competence • Linguistic Competence • Actional Competence • Socio-cultural Competence • Strategic Competence (p.10)

  5. Discourse Competence Discourse competence concerns the selection, sequencing, and arrangement of words, structures, sentences and utterance to achieve a unified spoken or written text. (p.13)

  6. Components of Discourse Competence COHESION Reference, Substutition, Conjuction, Lexical Chains DEIXES Personal pronouns, Spatial, Temporal, Textual COHERENCE Thematization, Management of old and new information GENRE/GENERIC STRUCTURE Narrative, Report, service encounter, etc. CONVERSATIONAL STRUCTURE How to perform opening, hold the floor, adjacency pairs, etc.

  7. What do we develop? • The ability to participate in discourse, or • The ability to communicate, or • The ability to create spoken and written texts, or • The ability to negotiate meanings, or • The ability to exchange nuances of meanings

  8. Linguistic Competence Syntax Morphology Lexicon Phonology Orthography

  9. Actional Competence • Interpersonal Exchange • Information • Opinions • Feelings • Suasion • Problems • Future Scenario

  10. Sociocultural Competence • Social Contextual Factors • Stylistic Appropriateness Factors • Cultural Factors • Non-Verbal Communicative Factors

  11. Strategic Competence • Avoidance or Reduction Strategies • Achievement or Compensatory Str. • Stalling or Time-Gaining Str. • Self-Monitoring Str. • Interactional Str.

  12. The Nature of the CC Model • Pedagogically motivated (Celce-Murcia) • Sociocultural theory of language / Language as communication (Halliday) • Constructivism in sociocultural tradition (Vygotsky) • Literacy in ELT (Kern)

  13. CULTURE Genre (Purpose) Situation Who is involved? (Tenor) Subject matter Channel (Field) (Mode) Register TEXT

  14. CULTURAL LEVEL Discourse Semantic Level Textual Interpersonal Lexicogrammatical Level Ideational Phonology/ Graphology Level

  15. Syarat pengembangan kompetensi komunikatif Scaffolding Talks: Bahasa yang digunakan guru dalam mengelola proses pembelajaran sebagai language accompanying action.

  16. Zone of Proximal Development Independent Learning zone Teacher intervention Peer-peer interaction Interactive discourse

  17. Peran guru • Menciptakan pengalaman pembelajaran • Merancang kegiatan • Merancang komunikasi • Berperan sebagai “ibu” dalam pemerolehan bahasa alamiah

  18. Learning Experiences

  19. Literacy Principles • Interpretation • Collaboration • Convention • Cultural Knowledge • Problem solving • Reflection • Language use

  20. LiteracyLevels • Performative Level • Functional Level • Informational Level • Epistemic Level

  21. SPOKEN AND WRITTEN LANGUAGECONTINUUM Most Spoken Most Written Languageaccompanyingaction Language as reflection Spoken Language Written Language

  22. Spoken & Written Language Spoken: * Language as exchange * About YOU and I Written: * Language as representation * Aboutothers

  23. What do people do when communicating? They exchange meanings.

  24. How do we negotiate? • Interpersonally • Logicosemantically

  25. Where in the sentence does interpersonal meaning reside? • In the Mood area Mood = Subject + Finite Mood expresses: • Attitudes • Feelings • Judgement • Etc.

  26. Negotiating interpersonally A : I amsleepy. B : Are you? C : I love her. D : You do, don’t you. E : I cleaned the room! D : No, you didn’t!

  27. When is interpersonalnegotiation dominant? • In sustained casual conversations * Chatting * Gossiping * Killing the time

  28. Negotiating logicosemantically A : I am sleepy. B : Sleepy or hungry? A : Both, actually. C : What’s your name? D : Hartati C : Where do you live? D : Jalan Diponegoro.

  29. When islogicosemantic negotiation dominant? • In transactional conversations * Giving /demanding information * Giving’demanding goods and services

  30. Negotiation in Writing • Focused on old and new information • Focused on Theme and Rheme

  31. Old and New Information Once upon a time, there was an old lady. She was very poor, but she was happy. She had a handsome son called Ande-Ande Lumut. He was a fine young man. Many girls liked him.

  32. Negotiation is * The Communication Engine * The key to discourse competence

  33. Good Luck!

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