Paris throws his spear

1. Paris throws his spear but it does not penetrate the shield of Menelaus. Menelaus strikes the helmet of Paris and begins to drag him by the horsehair of his helmet to the Greek lines.

2. Just when Menelaus is about to take Paris into the Greek lines, Venus touches the chin strap of Paris’ helmet and frees him. She then wraps him in a mist and spirits him away to Helen’s perfumed bed chamber. The Greeks claim victory and call the Trojans cheaters. Helen and Paris in their bedroom Notice Paris’ mitra, his little hat. People from the East were supposed to be more effeminate and they wore little hats that show how wussy they are.

3. Juno (Hera) and Minerva (Athena) did not want Troy to survive, so Minerva prompted Pandarus, the most famous Trojan archer to shoot an arrow at Menelaus. Minerva deflects the arrow so that it only wounds Menelaus. The ensuing battle lasted for 2 full days.

4. -Patroclus, Achilles’ best friend and lover, comes and begs Achilles to allow him to go out on the field dressed in Achilles’ armor. Achilles was such a fierce warrior that even the sight of his armor was enough to strike terror in the Trojans. -When Achilles hears that the Trojans are burning the ships, he allows Patroclus to go out to the field. -Patroclus kills many men, but eventually he meets up with Hector, the best Greek warrior. Achilles and Patroclus

5. -Hector kills Patroclus and seizes his armor. He also attempts to seize the body of Patroclus, but when Achilles hears that Hector wants to desecrate Patroclus’ body, he goes out to the trenches, yells three times, and with one look scatters the Trojans. -Achilles is devastated by Patroclus’ death. He says: “It was all for nothing, what I said that day when I tried to hearten the hero Menoetius, telling him I would bring his glorious son home to Opoeis with his share of the spoils after I had sacked Ilium (Troy). Zeus does not fulfill a man’s every thought. We two are fated to redden the selfsame earth with our blood, right here in Troy. I will never return home to be welcomed by my old father, Peleus, or Thetis, my mother. And since I will pass under the earth after you, Patroclus, I will not bury you until I have brought here the armor and head of Hector, who killed you, great soul. And I will cut the throats of twelve Trojan princes before your pyre in my wrath (menis)...”

6. -Achilles gets Patroclus’ body and mourns and mourns over him. -Achilles wants to enter the battle in order to avenge Patroclus’ death, but he has no armor. -He complains to his mamma, Thetis, and she has Hephaestus make more armor for Achilles, basically making Achilles entirely unstoppable. Achilles receiving his god-armor.

7. -Achilles goes into battle and, after killing a lot of people and almost getting himself killed by the river-god Skamander, meets Hector in battle. -When he sees Achilles, Hector is seized by fear and runs 3 times around the walls of Troy with Achilles in pursuit. Finally, Hector turns around and runs at Achilles. -Since Hector is wearing Achilles’ old armor, Achilles knows its weaknesses. There is a chink in the armor at the neck, and so he stabs Hector through the throat. Achilles and Hector in battle.

8. -Before he dies, Hector begs Achilles not to desecrate his body and to return him to his father. Achilles, not yet having satisfied his menis, refuses. -After he dies, Achilles then slits Hector's heels, and takes the girdle that Ajax, another warrior, gave him and passed it through the slits of the heels. -He fastens the girdle to his chariot and drives his fallen enemy through the dust to the Danaan (Greek) camp. -This is terrible by any standards, but for the ancients, not being buried properly meant a great deal of pain in the Underworld.

9. -Achilles continues to drag Hector around and generally defile him for a few days, until he completes the funeral rites of Patroclus. Achilles says: “I hail you Patroclus, even in Hades!I am fulfilling all that I promised before, To drag Hector here and feed him raw to the dogs, And to cut the throats of 12 fine Trojan boys Before your pyre, in my rage at your murder.” He spoke and treated glorious Hector foully, Stretching him out in the dust before the bier Of Menoetius’ son (Patroclus) Achilles guarding the body of Hector. -Despite this long abuse, the gods protected Hector’s body and Hector remained intact and unharmed.

10. -Priam, Hector’s father and a very old man, is crushed by Hector’s death. He wants Hector’s body back so that he can be buried. -The gods pity him and so Zeus sends Iris, the rainbow messenger goddess, down to tell him that he must go to the Greek ships and ransom Hector himself, taking only one attendent and a lot of gold and precious objects with him as ransom. -Hermes (Mercury) disguises himself and meets Priam as he is watering his horses on the way to the Greek ships. He serves as a guide and puts the Greek guards to sleep so that they can reach Achilles.

11. When Priam enters, Homer says the following happens: Great Priam entered unnoticed. He stood Close to Achilles, and touching his knees, He kissed the dread and murderous hands That had killed so many of his sons... But Priam spoke, a prayer of entreaty: “Remember your father, godlike Achilles. He and I are both on the doorstep Of old age. He may well be now Surrounded by enemies wearing him down And have no one to protect him from harm. But then he hears that you are still alive And his heart rejoices, and he hopes all his days To see his dear son come back from Troy. But what is left for me? I had the finest sons In all wide Troy, and not one of them is left... And the only one who could save the city You’ve just now killed as he fought for his country, My Hector. It is for him I have come to the Greek ships, To get him back from you. I’ve brought A fortune in ransom. Respect the gods, Achilles. Think of your own father, and pity me. I am more pitiable. I have borne what no man Who has walked this earth has ever yet borne. I have kissed the hands of the man who killed my son.” Priam begs for Hector’s body.

12. -Achilles, thinking about his own father, is moved to pity and gives Priam the body of Hector. -Priam returns to Troy. The Iliad ends with the funeral games that Priam holds for Hector.

13. Aeneas -Aeneas was a Trojan soldier who fought under the command of Hector and he is mentioned several times in the Iliad -Aeneas was the son of Aphrodite (Venus) and Anchises; the story of their relationship is told in the Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite The heads of Aphrodite and Anchises

14. The Affair of Aphrodite and Anchises • -Zeus was fed up with Aphrodite causing him to fall in love with • mortal women • -as retaliation, he causes Aphrodite to fall in love with the mortal • shepherd, Anchises, knowing that the relationship will cause her • great pain because, although they may be okay for a while, he will • eventually grow old • and die • Aphrodite, struck by this • love, goes about making • herself beautiful and then • approaches Anchises • disguised as an unwed • maiden

15. -Anchises is struck by Aphrodite’s beauty and, despite her disguise, addresses her as a goddess, saying: “Hail, my Lady, you who come here to this home, whichever of the blessed ones you are, Artemis or Leto or golden Aphrodite or Themis of noble birth or bright-eyed Athena. 95 Or perhaps you are one of the Kharites, you who have come here. They are the ones who keep company with all the gods and are called immortal. Or you are one of those Nymphs who range over beautiful groves, or one of those Nymphs who inhabit this beautiful mountain, and the fountainheads of rivers and grassy meadows. 100 For you, on some high peak, in a spot with a view going all round, I will set up an altar, and I will perform for you beautiful sacrifices every year as the season [hôrâ] comes round. And I wish that you in turn may have a kindly-disposed thûmos towards me. Grant that I become a man who is distinguished among the Trojans. Make the genealogy that comes after me become a flourishing one. And make me 105 live a very long life and see the light of the sun, blessed [olbios] in the midst of the people. And let me arrive at the threshold of old age.”

16. -Aphrodite denies that she is a goddess and weaves an elaborate lie, declaring herself to be a princess who was carried to Mount Ida by Hermes to be the lawful wife of Anchises. She even brings a dowry and asks to meet Anchises’ parents. She also apologizes that she is inexperienced in love-making which is funny considering all we know about her. -Anchises gives in quite readily. After it’s all over, Aphrodite causes Anchises to fall asleep and she shows herself forth in her full glory.

17. -Aphrodite goes on to tell Anchises that Aeneas will be raised until adolescence by nymphs on Mount Ida and that once he is old enough, he will be brought to him. As soon as Anchises receives Aeneas, he should take him to Ilium (Troy). -She also warns him not to mention that she is Aeneas’ mother, otherwise she’ll strike him down with lightning. I’m pretty sure he didn’t follow this order. Anchises and Aphrodite

18. Aeneas in the Iliad Aeneas is a minor character in the Iliad. The major scene is as follows: Aeneas comes up against Diomedes, one of the greatest of the Greek warriors. Diomedes is too much for Aeneas. Diomedes picks up a huge rock and hurls it at Aeneas. It crushes his pelvis. Aeneas would’ve died, but Aphrodite, his mother, comes and whisks him away. While Aeneas is being whisked, Diomedes comes up from behind and actually nicks Aphrodite on her wrist, causing her to bleed. Aphrodite shrieks and drops Aeneas. Apollo comes and rescues him, carrying him off to Pergamos to be healed.

19. In this painting, Diomedes is harming Aeneas’ hip with a spear, not a rock, as in the Iliad. Aphrodite is grabbing on to her son and Athena is spurring on Diomedes.

20. Aeneas’ Destiny -Aeneas is destined to “found” Rome. What does this mean and how does it fit in with Romulus and Remus? There appears to be two founding myths. How does Vergil resolve them? -Saying Aeneas is destined to found Rome is not strictly true. Actually, he’s destined to establish the Trojans in Italy, founding a place called Lavinium, named after his Italian bride, Lavinia. -Aeneas’ son, Iulus / Ascanius, does not found Rome either, he founds the city of Alba Longa, which is just northeast of Lavinium

21. -Aeneas’ descendents, Romulus and Remus, are the ones who found the actual city -their mother, Rhea Silvia, sometimes called Ilia (from Ilium) is descended from the offspring of Lavinia and Aeneas. Aeneas founds the Roman people and many customs, but not the actual city. Aeneas – Lavinia : Silvius : 11 generations : Numitor : Rhea Silvia – Mars : Romulus / Remus