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Chapter 2 Ecosystems & Biomes

Chapter 2 Ecosystems & Biomes. Section 4 Earth’s Biomes Notes 2-6 . Mountains and Ice. Those places that don’t fall into other land biomes can be placed in one of the following biomes. Mountains: Climate conditions change from the base to the summit of a mountain

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Chapter 2 Ecosystems & Biomes

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  1. Chapter 2 Ecosystems & Biomes Section 4 Earth’s Biomes Notes 2-6

  2. Mountains and Ice • Those places that don’t fall into other land biomes can be placed in one of the following biomes. • Mountains: • Climate conditions change from the base to the summit of a mountain • Therefore, plants and animals change as you travel up in elevation.

  3. Mountains and Ice • Base of mountain could be grassland with many animals and plants • Next up could be a deciduous forest to a boreal forest • Finally a tundra biome to the summit • Ice • Covered in ice year round (Greenland and Antarctica) • Few animals have adapted to this environment • Penguins, polar bears and seals

  4. Freshwater Biome • Probably the most important factor in water biomes is SUNLIGHT • Water absorbs sunlight • Only enough for photosynthesis at the surface or in shallow water • Most common producer is algae (not plants)

  5. Freshwater Biome • Ponds and lakes • Standing fresh water • Ponds are usually shallow enough that sunlight can reach the bottom • Plants’ roots can reach the soil and still the plant can get sunlight • Algae can float on the surface • Animals • Insects, frogs, snails and salamanders • Sunfish, catfish

  6. Freshwater Biome • Steams and Rivers • Moving freshwater • Headwater: beginning of stream, water flows rapidly • Animals have adapted to the fast moving water • Trout have stream-like bodies to move easily through the water • Insects have suckers or hooks to hold on • Very few predators

  7. Freshwater Biome • Farther down the stream • Water becomes cloudy with soil and minerals • More plants live there • Insects and frogs live here • Animals and plants have adapted to the less oxygenated water

  8. Marine Biome • Estuary: • Where fresh water and salt water mix • Shallow, sunny and full of nutrients • Many plants and algae live here • Animals • Crabs, worms, clams, oysters and fish • Area can be used for breeding grounds for many animals

  9. Marine Biome • Intertidal zone • Shore between highest and lowest tide • Must be able to stand the pounding waves and be without water when the tide recedes • Animals • Clams, crabs, barnacles and sea stars • No plants

  10. Marine Biome • Neritic zone • Area right below the low-tide line over the continental shelf • Shallow so there is a lot of photosynthesis occurring • Many plants and animals • Sardines, anchovies, algae and coral reefs

  11. Marine Biome • Surface zone • Light only penetrates a few hundred meters in open water • Algae float on the surface • Tuna, swordfish and whales depend on the algae as the beginning of their food chains • Deep zone • Completely dark; no sun can reach it • Animals include large squid that glow in dark • Fee on organisms’ remains that fall to the ocean floor

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