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Exam #3 W 12/5 at 7-8:30pm 9am class in ETC 2.108 and noon class in ECJ 1.202

Exam #3 W 12/5 at 7-8:30pm 9am class in ETC 2.108 and noon class in ECJ 1.202 Review T 12/4 at 5pm in WRW 102 Homework #4 due now. Evolution: A species’ genetic component changes as the individuals reproduce. These changes are based on how the DNA changes and who reproduces.

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Exam #3 W 12/5 at 7-8:30pm 9am class in ETC 2.108 and noon class in ECJ 1.202

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  1. Exam #3 W 12/5 at 7-8:30pm9am classin ETC 2.108andnoon class in ECJ 1.202 • Review T 12/4 at 5pm in WRW 102 • Homework #4 due now

  2. Evolution: A species’ genetic component changes as the individuals reproduce. These changes are based on how the DNA changes and who reproduces.

  3. How are we related, and where did we come from?

  4. The earth is covered in H. sapiens, but it wasn’t always.

  5. When did these migrations take place?

  6. DNA is passed from generation to generation, and therefore can tell us about relationships between individuals.

  7. Mitochondrial DNA comparisons can be used to trace ancestry:

  8. Human DNA is divided into 46 chromosomes (23 pairs)

  9. X 23 in humans X 23 in humans X 23 in humans Each of us are a combination of DNA from mom and dad.

  10. Mom provides 50.000275%andDad provides 49.999825% of DNA to offspring. … because Mom provides 100% of mitochondrial DNA

  11. Non-Coding DNA is used for comparisons between individuals

  12. As DNA is passed on mutations take place Fig 1 and 4

  13. Fig 4

  14. By determining the average time between mutations, we can estimate the time of the last common ancestor. Fig 4

  15. The mutation rate in human mtDNA is one nucleotide change per 20,000 years. OR A difference of one nucleotide between two people indicates a common relative 10,000 years ago. Fig 4

  16. When did these migrations take place?

  17. Two hypotheses about the origin of H. sapiens Multiregional hypothesis “Out of Africa” hypothesis

  18. Relationships of different populations using mtDNA ~150,000ya 7 Daughters of Eve, fig. 1

  19. Two hypotheses about the origin of H. sapiens Multiregional hypothesis “Out of Africa” hypothesis

  20. Relationships of different people using mtDNA. 7 Daughters of Eve, fig. 2

  21. Relationships of different people using mtDNA. 7 Daughters of Eve, fig. 2

  22. Relationships of different people using mtDNA. 7 Daughters of Eve, fig. 2

  23. Relationships of different people using mtDNA. • From Science v298 12/20/02 pg 2381 • 93-95% of genetic variation within population. • 3-5% of genetic variation occurs between populations. 7 Daughters of Eve, fig. 2

  24. There is no genetic definition of race.

  25. Newer Data: Estimated time of divergence for several DNA regions Fig 3

  26. Newer Data: Estimated time of divergence for several DNA regions Fig 3

  27. Two hypotheses about the origin of H. sapiens Multiregional hypothesis: disproved by mtDNA data “Out of Africa” hypothesis: disproved by other DNA data

  28. Relationships of different people using mtDNA. • From Science v298 12/20/02 pg 2381 • 93-95% of genetic variation within population. • 3-5% of genetic variation occurs between populations. 7 Daughters of Eve, fig. 2

  29. Race has no genetic definition.

  30. The nervous system allows us to perceive the environment while the brain integrates the incoming signals to determine an appropriate response.

  31. Input to brain is filtered. What are you paying attention to?

  32. Active seeking of infoversusSubconscious scanning for threats Are we evolutionarily adapted to detect certain threats?

  33. Emotion Drives Attention: Detecting the Snake in the Grass Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 2001, Vol. 130, No. 3, 466-478 Arne Ohman, Anders Flykt, and Francisco Esteves http://sas.epnet.com/citation.asp?tb=0&_ug=sid+B751259C%2D3010%2D40FD%2D856F%2D2A9AA70CE5D2%40sessionmgr6+FE52&_us=SLsrc+ext+30AB&_usmtl=ftv+True+137E&_uso=hd+False+db%5B0+%2Dpdh+33B8&bk=S&EBSCOContent=ZWJjY8bb43ePqLhrvNfxa6Gmr4GPp7iFpKq5gKiWxpjDpfKDo6%2BwfqevrbjQ3%2B151N7uvuMA&rn=&fn=&db=pdh&an=xge1303466&sm=&cf=1

  34. Ability to detect snake or spider versus flower or mushroomby grid position Fig 1. Emotion Drives Attention: Detecting the Snake in the Grass (2001) J. of Ex. Psy., Vol. 130, No. 3, 466-478

  35. Ability to detect snake or spider versus flower or mushroomby grid position Fig 1. Emotion Drives Attention: Detecting the Snake in the Grass (2001) J. of Ex. Psy., Vol. 130, No. 3, 466-478

  36. Ability to detect snake or spider versus flower or mushroom is relatively quicker in a larger grid Fig 2. Emotion Drives Attention: Detecting the Snake in the Grass (2001) J. of Ex. Psy., Vol. 130, No. 3, 466-478

  37. The Role of Social Groups in the Persistence of Learned Fear (2005) SCIENCE 309 pg 785 Andreas Olsson, Jeffrey P. Ebert, Mahzarin R. Banaji, Elizabeth A. Phelpshttp://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/309/5735/785 This perspective accompanies the article and has some useful background and further discussion:http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/309/5735/711

  38. Conditioned fear: snakes/spiders Fig 1. The Role of Social Groups in the Persistence of Learned Fear (2005) SCIENCE 309 pg 785

  39. Conditioned fear: race Fig 1. The Role of Social Groups in the Persistence of Learned Fear (2005) SCIENCE 309 pg 785

  40. Conditioned fear: snakes/spiders race Fig 1. The Role of Social Groups in the Persistence of Learned Fear (2005) SCIENCE 309 pg 785

  41. Fear of other races: Whites Blacks Fig 2. The Role of Social Groups in the Persistence of Learned Fear (2005) SCIENCE 309 pg 785

  42. Is Race Necessarily a Defining Characteristic? Can race be erased? Coalitional computation and social categorization (December 18, 2001) PNAS vol. 98 no. 26 pg 15387–15392 Robert Kurzban, John Tooby, and Leda Cosmideshttp://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/98/26/15387

  43. Random Statements My birthday is in April. My birthday is in June. My birthday is in August. My birthday is in January. My birthdayis in February. My birthday is in July. My birthday is in October. My birthday is in May. Can race be erased? Coalitional computation and social categorization (December 18, 2001) PNAS vol. 98 no. 26 pg 15387–15392

  44. Coalition Membership I like orange. Hook em’. Acie Law is awesome. Gig em’. Go Aggies. Kevin Durant is awesome. I like Maroon. Go Horns. Can race be erased? Coalitional computation and social categorization (December 18, 2001) PNAS vol. 98 no. 26 pg 15387–15392

  45. When alternate coalition membership information is introduced, race is ignored. I like orange. Hook em’. Acie Law is awesome. Gig em’. Go Aggies. Kevin Durant is awesome. I like Maroon. Go Horns.

  46. Despite a lifetime's experience of race as a predictor of social alliance, less than 4 min of exposure to an alternate social world was enough to deflate the tendency to categorize by race. These results suggest that racism may be a volatile and eradicable construct that persists only so long as it is actively maintained through being linked to parallel systems of social alliance.

  47. Two hypotheses about the origin of H. sapiens Multiregional hypothesis: disproved by mtDNA data “Out of Africa” hypothesis: disproved by other DNA data

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