Stress and the College Student

1. Stress and the College Student Chapter 16 © 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

2. Chapter Overview • Stressors facing younger college students • Stressors facing older college students • Stress and minority college students • Interventions © 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

3. Stressors Facing Younger College Students • Lifestyle change • Achieving emotional independence from family • Choosing and preparing for a career • Preparing for emotional commitment and family life • Developing an ethical system • Grades • Course overload © 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

4. Stressors Facing Younger College Students (cont.) • Finances • Tuition and books, living expenses, credit cards • Giving up or changing friendships • New intimate relationships (love) • Erotic love • Ludic love • Storgic love • Manic love • Sex © 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

5. Did You Know? • In 2009-2010, annual tuition and other expenses at a four-year private college averaged $39,028 and at a four-year public college, $30,016 • From 1993 to 2004, graduating seniors’ student loans more than doubled 10 $19,200 • One fourth of graduating student borrowers carried more than $25,000 in student loan debt © 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

6. HIV/AIDS • Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) • Virus that causes AIDS • Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) • Progressive HIV infection that reduces the effectiveness of the immune system • By 2007, 562,793 Americans had died of AIDS There is no known cure for AIDS © 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

7. Transmission of HIV/AIDS • Bodily fluids such as blood and semen • High-risk groups include: • Intravenous drug users • Infants born to HIV-infected mothers • Participants in unprotected sexual activities © 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

8. Prevention of HIV/AIDS and other STIs • Abstain from sexual activities • Maintain a monogamous relationship • Use proper protection if you choose to become sexually active • Abstain from intravenous drug use © 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

9. Other STIs • Sexually transmitted infections • Chlamydia • Gonorrhea • Syphilis • Genital herpes • Human papillomavirus • Pelvic inflammatory infection • Trichomoniasis • Vaginosis • Hepatitis B • Genital warts © 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

10. Other Stressors Affecting the Younger College Student • Date/acquaintance rape • Shyness • Jealousy • Breakups © 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

11. The Older College Student • Enrollment of older college students is expected to increase even further • They experience same stressors as younger college students • They also experience unique stressors in areas of: • Career and school • Family and school • Self-doubt © 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

12. The Minority College Student • Stressors include: • Racism • Language • Cultural values • Pressure to perform © 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

13. Interventions • Life-situation interventions: • Attend stress-management workshops • Learn to manage finances • Make new friends by joining clubs and participating in activities • Overcome shyness by asking self-probing questions • Use selective awareness to focus on positive aspects of college • Get support from others © 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

14. Stress and the College Student Chapter 16 © 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.