(Very brief) CERN News, Status and Plans ASB, STFC 19 th September Paul Collier

1. (Very brief) CERN News, Status and PlansASB, STFC 19th September Paul Collier Paul Collier, CERN

2. The CERN Accelerator Complex 2011 • Linac2 : p+ 50 MeV • Linac3 : Ions 4.2 MeV/u • LEIR: Ions 72 MeV/u • PSB : 1-1.4 Gev/c p+ • Isolde, Rex-Isolde • PS : 14-26 GeV/c p+, Ions • East Area (3 beamlines) • N-ToF • AD : p- 0.1 GeV/c • Several Experiments • SPS : 400-450 GeV p+ Ions • NA (3 primary targets) • CNGS : 400 GeV • HiRadMat: 440 GeV • LHC : 7(3.5)TeV p+, Ions • Atlas, CMS, Alice, LHCb, Totem, … • CTF3 : 184 MeV e- • TBTS, CLEX … HiRadMat Paul Collier, CERN

3. LHC Status : 2011 – so far … 75 ns 50 ns Intensity Ramp up Intermediate energy run, technical stop, scrubbing MD#1, technical stop MD#2, technical stop MD#3, technical stop Emittance reduction b*=1m Paul Collier, CERN

4. … Sept 18th 2011 Paul Collier, CERN

5. Immediate prospects for LHC • Already >3 fb-1 in the bag in 2011 • Just reduced the b* to 1m (cf nominal 55cm) now at 3.3x10+33 as peak luminosity • Pb82+ ion run at the end of the year and tests on the feasibility of p-Pb collisions • Short-ish Technical stop over Christmas • Discussion at Chamonix (Feb 2012) if we can run at higher energy next year – and how to push performance further … • Proton run to produce maximum Ldt followed by p-Pb (or Pb-Pb) • Start of Long shutdown in December 2012 to prepare the machine for going to high energy Paul Collier, CERN

6. Longer Term Planning Not yet approved! Paul Collier, CERN

7. LHC Upgrade Projects • Three Have been defined in the MTP and LTP of CERN • HL-LHC : High Luminosity • Prepare the machine for operation at a leveled luminosity of around 5x10+34 • New insertions, new ideas for very low b* (10-15cm), extended collimation system etc.. • High field magnets needed for new IT and 13T dipoles for collimation. • Study the possibilities for crab cavities to recover the reduction factor from the crossing angle • Presently in the R&D Phase – should move towards construction starting around 2016. • Approx. 700MCHF project – looking for substantial external contributions • LIU : LHC Injector Upgrade • Linac4 underway, upgrades needed for PSB, PS and SPS to produce the beam needed by HL-LHC. • PSB Energy upgrade from 1.4 to 2.0 GeV • PS Injection and RF Upgrade, feedbacks etc. • SPS Fighting instabilities – electron cloud mitigation and new RF system. • Already in ‘pre-construction’ phase. Many activities underway at the same time as accelerator consolidation • Main installations timed for the second long stop of the complex (2018) • Accelerator Consolidation • Consolidate the present accelerator infrastructure LHC and its injectors • A lot needs to be spent on the basic infrastructure (Electrical, Cooling etc.) • Has to be tightly coupled to the 2 upgrade projects, HL-LHC and LIU Paul Collier, CERN

8. HL-LHC Examples LARP (US LHC program) Magnets TQS LQS-4m SQ SM LR HQ TQC Paul Collier, CERN

9. HL-LHC: Compact 400 MHz Crab Cavities Technical space for He tank, etc.. All these 400 MHz can fit into the standard 194 mm LHC beamseparationwithcavities in a common cryostat (but not easy…) LHC pipe1 LHC pipe2 New idea for a very compact elliptical 800 MHz 194 mm Paul Collier, CERN

10. Approved Construction Projects • Linac4 : Approved in 2007 as a replacement to Linac2 • Energy 160 MeV (cf 50 MeV in Linac2) Doubles the space charge tune shift limit at injection into the booster • H- Injection : CERN is one of the few labs still using protons • Construction well underway – Installation and Commissioning 2013-2014 • Connection to PSB depends on finding a ~7month shutdown of LHC after 2014. • HiRadMat: Materials testing Facility • Needed for LHC robustness tests – collimators etc. but generally useful. • 440GeV LHC type beam up to 288 bunches of ~1.2x10+11 ppb • Sited in the old WANF tunnel, Installation complete, initial commissioning underway. • Elena: Extra Low-Energy Antiproton ring • Post decelerator, downstream from AD, Approved as part of the MTP2011 • Momentum at extraction 13.7 MeV/c (Energy 0.1 MeV) • ~15MCHF Materials cost + 70 MY with a substantial fraction from external collaborations. • HIE-Isolde: Energy Upgrade for Radioactive beam Post-Accelerator • Initial upgrade to 5.4 MeV/u (in 2015), Final Energy 10 MeV/u around 2018 • Major construction of 1/4 –wave cavities, cryostats and cryogenic plant for the linac. • 35MCHF total budget with ~1/2 from external sources (17.7 MCHF cost of linac) • Large number of ITN3 Marie-curie fellows (56MY, 20 Fellows) Paul Collier, CERN

11. Linac4 H¯ for the first time at CERN! Factor 2 in bg2w.r.t. Linac2 Ion species H− Output Energy 160 MeV Bunch Frequency 352.2 MHz Max. Rep. Frequency 2 Hz Max. Beam Pulse Length 0.4 ms Max. Beam Duty Cycle 0.08 % Chopper Beam-on Factor 65 % Chopping scheme: 222 transmitted /133 empty buckets Source current 80 mA RFQ output current 70 mA Linac pulse current 40 mA Tr. emittance (source)0.25p mm mrad Tr. emittance (linac exit) 0.4 p mm mrad Max. repetition frequency for accelerating structures 50 Hz Frequency of LEP (ideal for a linac), some klystrons and RF equipment still available 1.1 Hz maximum required by PSB 3MeV Test stand built for for source and LEBT development and Testing – a lot of effort is going into H- sources for Linac4 Synergy with FETS activities? (At the moment CERN is concentrating on low frequency) Chopping at low energy to reduce beam loss at PSB. Current and pulse length to provide >twice present intensity in PSB. - Accelerating structures and klystrons designed for 50 Hz. - Cooling, power supplies and electronics only for 2 Hz. Paul Collier, CERN

12. Elena in the AD Hall Paul Collier, CERN

13. HiRadMat Flexible beam optics: s = 0.1-2mm at all focal points Paul Collier, CERN

14. HIE-Isolde 5 6 1 2 3 4 Low β High β • Cryo Modules 1 & 2: July 2014 – Oct2014 • First physicsat 5.5MeV/ufor2015 • CryoModules 5 & 6: January - April 2017 • CryoModules 5 & 6: January - April 2017 • Final Energy 10MeV/u Paul Collier, CERN

15. Other Major R&D Projects • CLIC/CTF3 : • Conceptual Design report in preparation 2 volumes published in 2011 (machine + experiments. Volume 3 spring 2012 (cost estimate …) • Presented mainly as a 3TeV machine but can be scaled back to 500GeV • CTF3 complete with experimental areas • Presently planning the next phase – targeted R&D including structures, modules, x-band power and test stations etc. • HP-SPL R&D: • Replaces the LP-SPL/PS2 Study for the LHV Injector Upgrade • Continue (2MCHF/y) study for High Beam Power in view of potential use for Neutrinos • High Power test of a 4 cavity cryomodule in conjunction with ESS by 2013 • Later work on full performance modulators. Towards a 50Hz repetition rate. • High-Energy LHC: Really just a study now, but some R&D ongoing • Magnet work Mostly within the HL-LHC project • But first look at very high field magnets for a possible high energy upgrade of the LHC • 20T Magnets -> 33TeV cm machine • Long R&D needed >2030 for construction! Paul Collier, CERN

16. CLIC & CTF3 CLIC multi-lateral collaboration 41 Institutes from 21 countries Chairman:K.Peach, Spokesperson:R.Corsini CTF3 Facility to demonstrate the main technologies for the Linac part of the machine Paul Collier, CERN

17. HP-SPL R&D • Goal: 4 SPL b=1 cavities in He tanks with tuners and main couplers to be built and tested in a prototype cryo-module in 2013 4 titanium He tanks from CEA Tuners from CEA Design of inter-cavity supporting system by IPN Orsay CERN designed RF couplers Paul Collier, CERN

18. Neutrinos • Most work going on as EU projects: • EUROnu • Beta Beams • Super Beams • Design study for a neutrino factory • Interim design report produced (2011) … transition to Reference Design report (due end 2012) • Laguna (next Generation Long-baseline experiments) • Recently ‘approved’ • Design study for a new long baseline neutrino beam from the SPS • Long baseline design study using dedicated machines • High power beam studies for neutrino factories. • … just getting started. Paul Collier, CERN

19. New Things coming up • PS Neutrinos: • LOI presented to SPSC to re-activate (re-construct!) the PS Neutrino facility for a short baseline experiment. • Based on moving Icarus from Gran Sasso to CERN and adding a nearby detector • Physics Motivation – sterile neutrinos - looks promising • So far only a rough estimate of cost and feasibility done on the accelerator side • Complete design study will be needed if the project is to advance • Novel Acceleration Research: Proton driven Plasma Wave Acceleration: • EUROnnac setup as a network for plasma acceleration, beam and laser • LOI submitted to SPSC for re-activation of the SPS west area for PDPWA • CERN Unique in having a high energy (450GeV) proton beam available • High stored energy in the beam very interesting – 100x more than SLAC e- facility • Demonstrate acceleration of an electron beam using proton drive beam • LHeC : 60/120GeV e+- on 7TeV Protons. Strongly supported by ICFA • Ring-ring and linac-ring options • Both written up (with the physics) in a conceptual design report • If agreed to continue, choice of option and directed R&D will be needed. Paul Collier, CERN

20. PS Neutrino Facility Request: 2.5x1020 pot for νμmode 7.5x1020pot for anti-νμ Re-use the old TT7 tunnel and cavern to house primary beam line and target station At an early stage of going through the CERN scientific committees Paul Collier, CERN

21. Proton Driven Plasma Wave Acceleration At an early stage of going through the CERN scientific committees Paul Collier, CERN

22. LHeC (Ring-Ring) total circumference ~ 8.9 km = 1/3 LHC tune-up dump comp. RF 10-GeV linac injector 0.12 km 0.17 km comp. RF 20, 40, 60 GeV SC linacs at 721 MHz with energy recovery 1.0 km 2.0 km 10, 30, 50 GeV LHC p dump e- energy ≥60 GeV luminosity ~1033 cm-2s-1 total electrical power for e-: ≤100 MW e+p collisions with similar luminosity? simultaneous with LHC pp physics e-/e+ polarization detector acceptance down to 1o 10-GeV linac IP 0.26 km 0.03 km e- final focus Paul Collier, CERN

23. Medical Physics • Very successful Physics for Health workshop 18 months ago – will be repeated early in 2012 • PIMMS II Study: • Conceptual design of the next generation hadron therapy machine • Very little manpower available at CERN – seeking partners • Needs considerable input for the Medical side and basic research on optimum species etc. • Generation of Radio-isotopes • E.g. Cheap, small cyclotrons for production of diagnostic isotopes • Recently signed collaboration agreement with CIEMAT • Possible bio-medical test area at CERN • Using the CERN ion infrastructure for biological tests • Initially ions such as Oxygen – later more could be envisaged • Initially could use PS East Hall, later dedicated extraction channel from LEIR • Link to isotope production in Isolde…? • Initial studies underway – great deal of interest shown by the bio-medical and space people Paul Collier, CERN

24. Medical Physics: KT: MedAustron • Construction of an ion-therapy and research centre in Wiener Neustadt, Austria • Proton and carbon ion therapy for cancer treatment • 1200 patients/year • Related research in radio-biology and medical radiation physics • Synchrotron based accelerator complex • 3 ECR sources  RFQ  IH Linac synchrotron • 3 medical treatment rooms, one room for research applications • Similar to the Linac3 – LEIR ion injector complex • Protons: 60-800 MeV, C-ions (12C6+): 120-400 MeV/n, ppm • Design and construction in close collaboration with CERN • Team: 30 MedAustron employees, ~7 FTE CERN staff, 10 senior consultants Paul Collier, CERN

25. Other R&D Stuff: a few examples SC Link to allow removal of the Power converters from the LHC Tunnel MgB2 (or other HTS) 7 × 14 kA, 7 × 3 kA and 8 × 0.6 kA cables – Itot120 kA @ 30 K PSB wide-band cavity (1 ... 4 MHz): • Can use solid state Amps. • No tuning necessary • Allows air cooling • Modular (700 V modules)! • Synergy with MedAustron! Collimators with integrated beam position measurement buttons. Also Novel Materials for robust jaws. Paul Collier, CERN

26. Some Small R&D Projects… eg RF HiPIMS: Collaboration with Sheffield Hallam • New coating technique developed at the MERI in Sheffield and applied to small surfaces • Project to investigate the application to Niobium sputtering on cavities • Start with an 1.5GHz Cavity, then LHC spare cavity … • .. eventually 704 MHz SPL/ESS type cavities. • Could provide a coated cavity with much better field, Q-factor properties. Joint Studies on High Efficiency Klystrons: with Lancaster Possibilities for a broad range of applications For CERN immediate interest is CLIC But also SPL (synergy with ESS) An excellent way of promoting engineering/technical links between labs and universities Paul Collier, CERN

27. Conclusions • There is a lot going on at CERN! – I’ve skipped over an awful lot! • Our biggest difficulty in fulfilling the activities given to us by council is the manpower … so • CERN is more and more working in collaboration with other institutes and Labs • CERN has a unique infrastructure of accelerators … • … But also R&D facilities, test stations and expertise! • CERN (IMHO) should be considered as part of the UK infrastructure Paul Collier, CERN

28. Tiara: CERN Infrastructures • PL Plasma Generator test stand, Linac4 ion source test stand • Carbon coating facility • Cryogenic Laboratory • Large cryogenic device test facilty • NEG Coating Facility • CERN DCCT and Electrical Standards Laboratory • Radioactive Resistive Magnets Refurbishment Facilities • Non-radioactive Resistive Magnets Laboratories • Polymer Laboratory • Long cryostats assembly facility • Accelerator Magnetic Measurement facilities • Surface Analysis Laboratory (bld 101) • Material characterization for Vacuum applications – Laboratory (Chemistry Laboratory (bld 10) • Coating Laboratory (bld 101) • NEG Coating Facility Workshop (bld 181) • Large Superconducting Magnet Assembly Facility (bld 180) • Vacuum Instrumentation and Calibration Laboratory (bld 30) • Surface Treatment Workshop (bld 102) • Cleaning Workshop (for vacuum applications) (bld 867) • Material Characterization for Vacuum Application – Workshop • High Temperature Vacuum furnace (bld 153) Paul Collier, CERN

29. Tiara 2 • High Temperature Vacuum furnace (bld 153) • Surface treatment workshop for RF cavities (bld118) • Surface Treatment Workshop (bld 107) • High precision Coordinate Measuring Machine (micrometers) • Test Facility for the Energy Extraction Systems • High accuracy 3D metrology machine (micrometers) • Mechanical stabilization/positioning facility (nanometers) • HV lab for cryogenic dielectric insulation • Cryogenic tensile test equipment (4.2 K, 20 kN) • Vacuum brazing facilities • Superconducting Cabling Machine • Superconductor Test Facility • Superconducting Magnet Technology Laboratory • LINAC4 • Linac2 • Linac3 • CERN ‐ PS • PS Booster • Linac4 3 MeV Test Stand • ALICE (Accelerators and Lasers In Combined Experiments) • CLIC Stabilisation Paul Collier, CERN

30. Tiara(3) • SM18 Superconducting Magnet Test Facility and Sc cavities testing area • SPS synchrotron • LEIR Ion accumulation ring • AD antiproton decelerator • LHC hadron collider • CTF3 CLIC drive beam generation and x-band power source • 3 MeV test stand • TT32 500 m long straight tunnel for alignment studies • H2, H4, H8 beams • H6 beam • M2, P0 beams • PS East Area • Standard Lab for DCCT calibration • nTOF beam • CNGS • HiradMat • Isolde • REX-Isolde post accelerator • RILIS - laser ionization facility • Radioactive target production and treatment facility Paul Collier, CERN