1 / 15

Monitoring and Evaluating Pharmaceutical Situations

Monitoring and Evaluating Pharmaceutical Situations. Diane Whitney Drug Action Program (DAP) Essential Drugs and Medicines Policy (EDM) World Health Organization Geneva, 18 March 2004. Teaching Objectives. At the end participants will understand:

dante-chambers
Download Presentation

Monitoring and Evaluating Pharmaceutical Situations

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Monitoring and Evaluating Pharmaceutical Situations Diane Whitney Drug Action Program (DAP) Essential Drugs and Medicines Policy (EDM) World Health Organization Geneva, 18 March 2004

  2. Teaching Objectives • At the end participants will understand: • EDM’s tiered approach to monitoring and evaluation • EDM’s main core indicator tools • Key aspects of using the tools

  3. Why monitor and evaluate:Evidence-based planning • Using indicator-based monitoring tools • Systematic data gathering • Raise awareness/numbers for advocacy • Enables comparisons between facilities, districts, regions, countries depending on sampling • Facilitates measuring trends • Provides evidence for prioritising planning and interventions • Who can use the results from assessments? • Countries • National policy-makers • Health facilities • International agencies • Professional groups, NGO, academia 1. Assess and Monitor 3. Implement 2. Plan

  4. Core indicators to monitor national pharmaceutical situations Level I Structures & processes Level II Outcomes • Level III • Indicator tools for specific components of the pharmaceutical sector such as • Pricing • HIV/AIDS • TRIPS • Regulatory capacity • Traditional medicine • Etc, etc.

  5. Level I: Questionnaire on structures and processes of country pharmaceutical situation • 6-page questionnaire, primarily yes/no format • Distributed to Member States every 4 years with a subset receiving it every two years • Data used in tracking progress of WHO Medicines Strategy • Results available in EDM database

  6. Level I: Indicators • Covers key components of pharmaceutical system National medicines policy Legislation and Regulation Quality control of pharmaceuticals Essential medicines list Medicines supply system Medicines financing Access to essential medicines Production Rational use of medicines Intellectual property rights protection and marketing authorization

  7. Level I: Using the data to monitor the WHO Medicines Strategy

  8. Level II: Operational Package for Monitoring and Assessing Country Pharmaceutical Situations • Set of 15 survey forms to assess and monitor impact and outcome of medicines interventions • Feasible tool that can be used by countries in regular monitoring • Designed around practical/operational system of managing resources (time, people and money) • Step by step procedure and guidelines • administrative preparation (coordination tools, budget, training slides and schedule) • technical requirements (training and field test, survey, analysis tools, reporting framework, and identifying recommendations for intervention)

  9. Level II: Indicators • Availability, price, and expiry of key medicines • Affordability (child and adult moderate pneumonia and option for other disease condition) • Cost of medicines and related fees • Stockout and record keeping • Conservation conditions and handling of medicines • Number of medicines prescribed, % dispensed, % antibiotics, % injection, % on EML, % prescribed by generic name • Labelling and patient knowledge of how to take the medicines • Availability of EML and STG • Tracer cases of diarrhoea, pneumonia, ARI, and option for other disease condition treated according to STG

  10. Level II: Sampling recommendations • Sample • 6 regions/districts • From each region: • 5 public health facilities with pharmacy/dispensary • 5 private pharmacies • 1 warehouses • Option to add private facilities, mission clinics depending on health service mix or provider

  11. Level II: Already implemented in: AFRO: Chad, Ethiopia, Ghana, Mali, Nigeria, Tanzania, Uganda, Cameroon, Kenya, Rwanda, Senegal AMRO: Guatemala, Columbia (10 more countries in planning stages) EMRO: Iran, Oman EURO: Bulgaria, Kyrgyzstan, SEARO: Indonesia, Nepal WPRO: Cambodia, China, Philippines, Malaysia

  12. Household survey to measure access and use of medicines • One-page survey (13 questions) • Collects information on: • Health seeking behaviour leading to use or non use of drugs • Affordability, from where the medicines are obtained, and if not all are obtained the reasons why not • Field testing • in conjunction with Level II in 11 countries • Working group developing questionnaire, sampling framework, and manual

  13. Household survey: Reasons households reported for not being able to obtain all prescribed medicines for most recent illness: Tanzania

  14. The way forward on country monitoring • Evidence through systematic but feasible data collection process is necessary in policy making and activity implementation • Demonstration that in the long run regular monitoring is not difficult and can be done in a cost efficient manner • Portion of country support budget and project grants should be allotted to monitoring and evaluation using indicators • Information sharing

  15. For further information please contact: • Daisy Carandang EDM Focal Point for Monitoring and Evaluation carandange@who.int or • Diane Whitney whitneyd@who.int

More Related