Similarities between photophosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation

1. Similarities between photophosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ e- Proton pump ATP synthase ATP H+ H+ ADP+Pi

2. NADH FADH2 NADP+ O2 H2O NADPH Differences between photophosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ e- Proton pump ATP synthase ATP H+ H+ ADP+Pi

3. p723

5. Photosynthesis: The light reactions (photophosphorylation)

6. Chlorophyll (or other pigments) absorbs light energy and conserve it as ATP and NADPH. Not all photosynthetic organisms use H2O as electron donor in photosynthesis; thus not all of them produce O2 while they produce ATP and NADPH. There are two types of photosynthesis: oxygenic (producing oxygen) photosynthesis and anoxygenic (not producing oxygen) photosynthesis. Only organisms with two photosystems can do oxygenic photosynthesis. At lease half of the photosynthsis in this world is done by microorganisms (algae, photosynthetic eukaryotes and photosynthetic bacteria).

7. p724

8. Outer membrane Thylakoid membrane (lamellae) Inner membrane grana lumen stroma

10. Chloroplast has photosystems with closely arranged chlorophyll p729

11. Cyanobacteria & red algae also contain similar structures called phycobilisome to facilitate light absorption p727

12. The major light absorbing pigment in higher plants Alternating single and double bonds give strong absorption in the visible light p726

13. The accessory pigment in bacteria and algae p726

14. The spectrum of electromagnetic radiation p725

15. Chlorophylls can cover part of the spectrum – blue and red p727

16. The part of spectrum covered by chlorophylls coincides with the action spectrum of photosynthesis

17. Accessory pigment: the red-orange -carotene p726

18. Accessory pigment: lutein (the red-orange isoprenoid)

19. b-carotene and lutein can help plant absorb more light

20. Phycoerythrin and phycocyanin can absorb light that other pigments cannot absorb

21. Anoxygenic photosynthesis (ferredoxin) (pheophytin) (restore RC to original state) (restore RC to original state) (PSI) (PSII) p731

22. The Z scheme of oxygenic photosynthesis (pheophytin) (plastoquinone) Green bacteria type p733 Purple bacteria type

23. (A1)

24. PSI and PSII on thylakoid membrane are separated to prevent Excition Larceny LHCII holds grana together p736

25. Granal stacking by LHCII is regulated by light intensity

26. Cytochrome b6f complex p737

28. Oxidative phosphorylation and photophosphorylation has something in common in cyanobacteria p738

29. Oxygen-evolving complex (water-splitting complex) In protein subunit D1 of the PSII reaction center; the immediate electron donor to P680 can only accept one electron at a time Loses one electron and proton at a time to P680; electrically neutral Tyr free radical (Tyr•) is generated Here the Mn complex takes four electrons from a pair of water molecules; releasing 4H+ and O2 tyr• then regain its electron and proton by oxidizing four Mn in the water splitting complex; each transfer corresponds to one photon absorption Goes to lumen p739

30. N P p741

31. N N N p742

32. bacteriorhodopsin p744

33. All-trans-retinal 13-cis-retinol Proton transport

34. Chloroplast from higher plants is probably evolved from endosymbiotic bacteria (prochlorophytes) Chloroplast from red algae is probably evolved from cyanobacteria p1062