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INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION. Course on Cleaner Production Middle East Technical University Department of Environmental Engineering Ankara 31 March 2008. Evolution of environmental perspectives. Document Structure. Each chapter contains a theoretical element … also contain:

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INTRODUCTION

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  1. INTRODUCTION Course on Cleaner Production Middle East Technical University Department of Environmental Engineering Ankara 31 March 2008

  2. Evolution of environmental perspectives

  3. Document Structure Each chapter contains a theoretical element… also contain: • references to Med Clean files for RAC/CP, which provide access to real cases related to the content of the chapter, • a case study to enable more in-depth reflection and to facilitate discussion on the future progress of the technique studied.

  4. Ch1. PREVENTION AT THE SOURCE AND CP Course on Cleaner Production Middle East Technical University Department of Environmental Engineering Ankara 31 March 2008

  5. Objective • introduce the concept of CP defined by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and other institutions • describe the development process of the CP concept and its introduction in countries in the Mediterranean area • emphasize the function of CP as a programme of eco-efficiency, with environmental and economic advantages • describe the role assigned to governments in CP

  6. Social development Industry Economy Sustainable development Environment

  7. Sustainable development • Our Common Future = Brundland Report • 1992 Agenda 21 • development thatmeets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of futuregenerations to meet their own needs • qualitative growth thatprevents the depletion of primary resources and environmental impacts

  8. Environmental Management Hierarchy of Approaches to Environmental Management 1. Reduction at the source 2. Internal and external recycling 3. Material and energy valorisation 4. Treatment of waste streams 5. Controlled disposal when there is no other solution

  9. How to deal with pollution… • Do nothing • Dilute • End-of-pipe treatment • Redesign processes: Prevention • Eco-efficiency • Sustainable development • Target: Zero pollution

  10. UNEP Cleaner Production • “The continuous application of an integrated preventive environmental strategy applied to processes, products and services to increase overall efficiency and reduce risks to humans and the environment.” CP is applied to: • Processes • Products • Services

  11. Steps forward CP • “Waste Minimization” and “Pollution Prevention” in the USA • The Landskrona study in 1987 • PRISMA, and PREPARE (Preventive Environmental Protection Approaches in Europe) • UNEP 1989 journal called Cleaner Production • UNEP/UNIDO programme • Catalonia in Spain, 1991 Guideline for the assessment of opportunities

  12. Eco-efficiency • World Business Council for Sustainable Development: Large corporations have a series of resources of their own • CP as a specific methodology aimed at offering SMEs access to eco-efficiency, in industrialized and developing countries.

  13. Eco-efficiency • OECD, eco-efficiency means the efficiency with which resources are used to meet human needs • Optimizing processes • Revaluating by-products • Redesigning products • Innovating products and services

  14. Governmental strategy • A life-cycle perspective • Evaluating the goals, instruments and assessing the results • Integration of the social and economic aspects in the waste reduction policy • Institutional mechanisms to facilitate the cooperation between structures

  15. CP in Mediterranean Countries • A tool aimed at improving the environmental action of companies while increasing competitiveness at the same time • NAPE: key element for implementing sustainable development in the industrial sector

  16. Obstacles to CP Implementation • Lack of available information, training, lack of experts and dissemination of positive experiences • Reluctance of companies to change • Chances of obtaining financial support • CP investment has to compete with other investments • National Accounting Systems do not take into consideration the depletion or the degradation of natural resources

  17. Greening of curricula • There are currently very comprehensive dossiers with information on CP : Med Clean file, websites on Internet • CP centres and universities as training centres for future professionalscan play a very important role in information dissemination and expert training

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