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Earth Station: Global ISS Marketing Future of Human Spaceflight

Earth Station: Global ISS Marketing Future of Human Spaceflight. ASTE 527 Space Exploration Architectures Concept Synthesis Studio Team Project, Fall 2010, Astronautical Engineering Department, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California. Life Support Systems.

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Earth Station: Global ISS Marketing Future of Human Spaceflight

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  1. Earth Station: Global ISS Marketing Future of Human Spaceflight ASTE 527 Space Exploration Architectures Concept Synthesis Studio Team Project, Fall 2010, Astronautical Engineering Department, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California

  2. Life Support Systems The Heartbeat of Human Spaceflight Courtney Rogge ASTE 527 Fall 2010

  3. Life Support Systems LSS • LSS copies the natural functions of Earth’s atmosphere • LSS provides direct support to crew • Survival, Health, & Comfort • LSS are interactive during operation Air Revitalization System • Water Regen • Food: Storage and Waste Waste processing / Hygiene • Fire Detection & Suppression VATCS Vehicle Active Thermal Control

  4. Life Support Systems at a Glance Types of Systems • Open loop systems • All supplies stored or resupplied • Wastes expelled • Closed loop systems • Supplies regenerated Examples • Completely Open Loop • Apollo (1968-1972): 3 crew, 14 days • Shuttle (1981-present): 4-7 crew, 14 days • Partially Closed Loop • Skylab (1973-1974): 3 crew, 28-84 days • Orion: 4 crew, 21 days active time (lunar mission)

  5. Life Support Systems at a Glance Current Systems • ISS (2000-present) • Supports 6 crew, 6 months • Initially open loop • Now partially “Very” closed loop • In use as a test bed to develop closed loop life support systems

  6. Life Support Systems at a Glance • Early spacecraft used open loop systems • Small crews • Short mission • Space Stations implemented partially closed loop systems • Small crews • Longer missions • Current direction for LSS • Trending towards closed loop • Larger crews • Longer exploration missions

  7. Life Support Systems at a GlanceISS Current System

  8. Life Support Systems: Test Beds • LSS development tests on Earth • Marshall Space Flight Center • Johnson Space Center • Further testing & development done in space on board ISS MSFCECLSS Test Facility

  9. Life Support : Air Revitalization Status Sabatier System Basics • Test Article flown Oct 2010 • Recycles CO2 and H2 CO2 + 4H2⇒ CH4 + 2H2O • Current System In Development • Recycles H2O • Vents CH4(methane) Trace Contaminate Control • Current Activated Carbon Cartridges • Requires resupply International Space Station, Sabatier installation International Space Station, TCCS Volatile Removal Assembly

  10. Propose: Closed-Loop Air Revitalization • Part I: Closed-Loop Sabatier System • Recycle all products • H2O recycled to Oxygen & Water Systems • CH4 recycled to station-keeping thrusters • Part II: Trace Contaminate System • Condense Methane (CH4) and Ammonia (NH3) • Part III: Natural Aromas • Enhance crew morale

  11. Propose: Closed-Loop System Development CH4 to Thrusters Sabatier Test Unit • CDRACO2 Molecular Sieve To Thermal Control System H2O H2 Trace Contaminate Control Oxy Gen Assembly HEPA Filter Aroma Therapy Bread Maker • Food Prep & Storage Crew Cabin • Water Processing Assembly

  12. Part I: Closed-Loop Sabatier System Instead of venting CO2 & H2, use them as inputs into a closed-loop Sabatier System CDRA Molecular Sieve CO2 Oxygen Generation Assembly H2 Sabatier System CO2 + 4H2⇒ CH4 + 2H2O CH4 Methane Rocket Control System (Station Keeping) H2O Water Recovery System

  13. Part II: Condense Methane and Ammonia out of Air Air System removes humidity [ H2O, and condensed CH4 & NH3 ] Separation Unit H2O & NH3 CH4 Water System for further processing Rocket Engines

  14. Part II: Condense Methane and Ammonia out of Air Spacecraft Interior • Deep Space • -157 ⁰C (-250 ⁰F) Heat Exchanger Condensation Points - CH4: -162 ⁰C (-259 ⁰F) - NH3: -35 ⁰C (-31 ⁰F) Black Surface covers Interior Mirror Surface covers Exterior Air system passes through external heat exchanger to lower temperatures below CH4 and NH3 condensation points.

  15. Part II: Condense Methane and Ammonia out of Air CH4 Methane to Rocket Control System Air Revitalization O2/N2 Storage Sabatier Test Unit H2O H2 To Thermal Control System CO2 • CDRACO2 Molecular Sieve High Press O2/N2 Oxy Gen Assembly From Cabin HEPA Filter Trace Contaminate Control Methane Ammonia Separator Oxygen Nitrogen to cabin Methane Ammonia Condenser Ammonia to vent

  16. Part III: Bread Maker for Aroma Therapy • Develop Bread Maker for Station • Benefits of bread as an aroma • Crew morale boost • Improved morale = improved crew efficiency • Development Needs • Package dough to allow escape of heated gas, water vapor • Critical failures • Not a critical system Breadman Automatic Bread Maker

  17. Development Needs for Long Missions • Redundancy for Crew Vehicle • Three System approach • Each system capable of ½ the LSS capacity • Carry critical parts as spares • Reduce complexity • Design components for long operational life • Define components around ease-of-maintenance • Crew comfort is critical, under-rated component • Reduce stress levels • Improve morale and performance

  18. Development Needs for Long Missions • Robustness & Simplicity • Reduce Sensitivity to Particulates • Reduce moving parts • Design for in-flight repair • Reduce Resource Requirements • Self-contained systems • Require less stowed supplies • Toxic agents used on ISS for biocides can be reduced significantly

  19. References • Regenerative Water System • http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20090033097_2009032866.pdf • ECLSS • http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2006/30oct_eclss/ • ECLSS System Engineering Workshop: Life Sciences Dept. • ISUSSP 2009; Ames Research Center, USA • Methane Blast: Methane Rocket Tests • http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2007/04may_methaneblast/ • Use of Natural Aromas as an Architectural Design Element in Lunar Habitats • James D. Burke • The Planetary Society, USA, jdburke@caltech.edu • MadhuThangavelu • University of Southern California, USA, thangavelu-girardey@cox.net • Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS System Engineering Workshop Life Sciences Department • L. Peterson • International Space Station -- Environmental Control and Life Support System • www.nasa.gov • Six-Person Station Crew Completes First Workweek • Published by Klaus Schmidton Sat Oct 16, 2010 8:02 am via: NASA • http://spacefellowship.com/news/art23195/six-person-station-crew-completes-first-workweek.html • Preliminary Considerations for Wearable Computing in Support of Astronaut Extravehicular Activity • C. Carr, S. Schwartz, D. Newman • Published by MIT Dept of Aeronautics and Astronautics, MIT Media Library

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