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The Indus Civilization. Present-day Pakistan and India Isolated by Hindu Kush, Himalaya Mountains, and Indian Ocean Migrant people used Khyber Pass (route in Hindu Kush) to travel through Called a subcontinent because its geographical features sharply separate it from the rest of Asia.
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The Indus Civilization • Present-day Pakistan and India • Isolated by Hindu Kush, Himalaya Mountains, and Indian Ocean • Migrant people used Khyber Pass (route in Hindu Kush) to travel through • Called a subcontinent because its geographical features sharply separate it from the rest of Asia. http://bestanimations.com/Cartoons/FamousToons/FamousToons3.html
Geography of India • 3 physical zones • Fertile northern plain – contains Indus and Ganges Rivers • Deccan Plateau – dry, unfertile, no one lived here • Coastal Plains – lush, tropical and most populated http://www.internationalcircuit.com/gfx/india-map.gif
Hindu Kush Mountains Himalayas Indian Ocean
Bring on the Monsoons! • Monsoon – heavy, seasonal rain/wind in Asia • Summer monsoons very wet, needed to water the crops. • Indus Valley also depended on snow from Himalayas melting each year and flooding the valley.
Early Indian Civilizations • Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro 2 major cities of Indus Valley. • Very advanced and organized • Polytheistic, believed in afterlife • Also created writing system - pictographs
What Happened? • Cities disappeared for unknown reason • 3 Theories • People overfarmed the land • Volcanic eruption killed everyone • Violent attack by outsiders killing everyone • After collapse, Indo -Aryan people migrated in. http://bestanimations.com/Cartoons/WarnerBros/WarnerBros.html
The Indo-Aryans I NEED MORE COWBELL!!! • Migrated through Khyber Pass • Very structured society • Measured wealth by cows • Used caste system http://www.nice-one.com/wallpaper.jpg
The Caste System • Hereditary social groups • The system: • Brahmins – priests • Kshatriyas – nobles/warriors • Vaisyas – middle class • Sudras – slaves, peasants • Untouchables - final group below the caste system. http://www.beyondbooks.com/wcu91/images/00042985.jpg
http://www.norwichinterfaith.co.uk/hindu1.gif Hinduism • Upanishads and Vedas main books for Hinduism. • Believed in Karma – reincarnation is based on behavior. • Also Dharma – set of religious and moral duties for each caste. • Hinduism is most common religion in India today.
The Great Asoka • King of Mauryan dynasty in 270BC. • Sends Buddhist missionaries across Asia. • Converted thousands to Buddhism. http://sokagakkai.info/html3/sg_today3/sg_images3/Map_of_Budd.jpg
Asoka spread Buddhism to China & SE Asia A. “A soka you, A soka you!” Asoka’s super soka! Buddhism spread here
Buddhism • Developed in India by Siddharta Gautama (Buddha) around 500 BC. • Created 4 main ideas for new religion – Four Noble Truths • Also had guidelines for living – Eightfold Path. • Stressed religious duties and moral principles. QUACK QUACK! http://www.soyouwanna.com/site/syws/buddhism/img/BUDDHISM_graphic.gif http://www.bltc.com/chakra.gif
The Gupta Empire – India’s Golden Age • Rules around 320 AD. • Pushed for Hinduism, basically kicked out most of Buddhism in India. • Gupta contributions: • Mathematics - Arabic numerals, concept of zero, decimal system, & symbol for infinity. • Literature • New Textiles • Invaded by Huns 600AD
Questions for UnderstandingWrite the question and answer in your notes • How does geography affect India? • What happened to the first Indian settlers? • How was wealth measured by the Indo-Aryans? • Who created the caste system in India? • What is karma? • How does Asoka spread Buddhism? • What factors led to Buddhism’s disappearance in India?