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Chapter 16

Chapter 16 . The World of the NT. Announcements . The Prophecies Fulfilled? . Church and state are reunited John Hyrcanus Becomes high priest and secular leader Purified country of pagan influences Options: circumcision or leave Dies in 106 BC. The Prophecies Fulfilled? .

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Chapter 16

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  1. Chapter 16 The World of the NT

  2. Announcements

  3. The Prophecies Fulfilled? • Church and state are reunited • John Hyrcanus • Becomes high priest and secular leader • Purified country of pagan influences • Options: circumcision or leave • Dies in 106 BC

  4. The Prophecies Fulfilled? • Aristobulus takes position of high priest • Proclaims himself king • A Levi-not a Davidic king • Not what the prophecies had promised • Israel divides (again) • Pharisees • Sadducees

  5. The Pharisees • Separate from Gentiles • Exaggerated separation through clothing, phylacteries, prayer shawls, etc. (Mt. 23: 4-7) • Serious, educated • Understood problems of the past • Created more rules for being “clean” • Hand washing

  6. The Pharisees • Strict interpretation of Sabbath and dietary laws • Bent the rules if it helped them • Hated Jesus because He was inclusive • Brought Gentiles to God

  7. Sadducees • Priestly class • Heirs of Solomon’s priests • Supposed to be priests forever • To survive –must cooperate with Gentiles • Political leaders • Hated by the Pharisees

  8. Sadducees • On good terms with the Romans • Accepted only Torah as inspired SS • Do not believe in… • Afterlife • Resurrection from the dead • Angels/spirits

  9. Sanhedrin • Consisted of Sadducees* and Pharisees • Elite class • Small Number • Jewish High Court • Try the King • Expand the Temple • Answered questions of the Law

  10. Zealots • Defenders of the Law • Religious/political faction • Radical/terrorists • In favor of rebellion by force

  11. Essenes • Prayerful Jews • Strictly adhered to the Law • Retreated into the Desert • To focus on God • Monastic Communities (Desert Fathers) • Rejected temple worship • Why? • Corruption of Sadducees

  12. Which Class was Jesus in? • Unclear • Not priestly, aristocratic (Sadd) • Called rabbi, educated…but no formal training* (Phar) • Preached peace (Zealot) • Temple preacher (Essene)

  13. After the Maccabees • Israel splits • Internal dissent • Rival families • Israel falls to Rome • 40 B.C. • Persuaded to give throne to Herod the Great • Leads to anti-Roman hatred • Bloody tyranny

  14. Herod the Great • Insane • Murdered 3 of his sons • General –rather be Herod’s pig than son • Rome –ignored him • As long as tribute (tax money) came in • Davidic King? • Lie • Had many wives –like Solomon • Rebuilds temple • Supported by Priests –money

  15. Herod the Great • New Temple • Greatest work • Visited by pilgrims • Jews –prophecy fulfilled? • Imperfect –but who had been perfect? • Brought people to Jerusalem

  16. When the Time Had Fully Come • Jews still expecting Messiah • The world Christ was Born into • Squabbling parties • Terrorism • Rome kept order • All faiths accepted • As long as the religion did not interfere with Roman law/society

  17. Religion: Roman Empire • Pagan • Tolerant • Anything accepted • Roman/Greek Gods not all accepted by Philosopher • Gods…but too far above to care about Humans • Did not address important questions • How can I have eternal life? How can I feel free from sin? How can I know God? Etc. • Jewish/ Christian –”Superstitious nonsense”

  18. Spread of Judaism • Dispersion (Diaspora) Made way for Messiah • 7% of Roman pop. • Significant minority • Septuagint • Greek trans. of the OT • 70 scholars • Appearance of synagogues • Weekly services (Lit. of the Word) • Kept by Christians (Proclaim Christ has come

  19. Spread of Judaism • Dispersion (Diaspora) Made way for Messiah • 7% of Roman pop. • Significant minority • Septuagint • Greek trans. of the OT • 70 scholars • Appearance of synagogues • Weekly services (Lit. of the Word) • Kept by Christians (Proclaim Christ has come

  20. The Samaritans • Samaria • Not liked by Jews • John 4:9 (Woman at the Well) • Assyrians intermarried with Israelites • Poorer • Only accept Five Books of Moses • Worship at Mt. Gerizim • Heretics • Still around today • Persecuted Minority

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