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Chapter 25

Chapter 25. Gross Anatomy of the Muscular System. Muscular system. Includes all skeletal muscle tissue that can be controlled voluntarily. Classification of Skeletal Muscles. Types of Muscles. Muscles can be classified by action Agonist (prime mover) Primary responsible for the movement

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Chapter 25

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  1. Chapter 25 Gross Anatomy of the Muscular System

  2. Muscular system • Includes all skeletal muscle tissue that can be controlled voluntarily

  3. Classification of Skeletal Muscles

  4. Types of Muscles • Muscles can be classified by action • Agonist(prime mover) • Primary responsible for the movement • Antagonist • Opposes the agonists • Synergist • Aids the action of agonists • Fixator

  5. Origins and Insertions • Muscles can be identified by origin, insertion and action • Origin = stationary end • Insertion= movable end

  6. Names of skeletal muscles • Names give clues to muscle characteristics • Location of muscle’s origin and insertion • Sternohyoid • Direction of fibers • Tranverse, oblique, rectus • Number of origins • Biceps, triceps

  7. Names of skeletal muscles • Size of the muscle • Maximus, minimus • Shape • Deltoid, trapezius • Action • Adductor, flexor • Location of the muscle • Frontalis, orbicularis

  8. Organization of skeletal muscle fibers • Parallel muscle • Convergent muscle • Pennate muscle • Unipennate • Bipennate • Multipennate • Circular muscle (sphincter)

  9. Organization of skeletal muscle fibers

  10. Muscles of the Head and Neck

  11. Head

  12. Muscles of the head and neck • Epicranius muscles • Occipital • O: occipital bone • I: galea aponeurotic • A: pulls the scalp posteriorly • Frontal • O: galea aponeurotic • I: skin of the eyebrow • A: raise the eyebrow

  13. Muscles of the head and neck • Orbicularis oculi • O: frontal and maxillary bones • I: eyelid • A: closes eyes • Corrugator supercilli • O: frontal bone • I: skin of eyebrow • A: draws eyebrow inferiorly and medially

  14. Muscles of the head and neck • Levator labii superioris • O: zigomatic and maxilla bones • I: upper lip • A: raises upper lips • Depressor labii inferioris • O: mandible • I: lower lip • A: pulls lower lip inferiorly

  15. Muscles of the head and neck • Depressor anguli oris • O: mandible • I: angle of mouth • A: pulls corner of mouth down and laterally • Mentalis • O: mandible • I: skin of chin • A: protudes lower lip

  16. Muscles of the head and neck • Zigomatics • O: zigomatic bone • I: corner the mouth • A: smiling muscle • Risorius • O: masseter • I: angle of the mouth • A: pulls corner of lips laterally

  17. Muscles of the head and neck • Orbicularis oris • O: maxilla and mandible • I: lips • A: compresses lips • Buccinator • O: maxilla and mandible • I: orbicularis oris • A: compresses the cheek (whistling)

  18. Muscles of Mastication

  19. Muscles of mastication • Masseter muscles • O: zigomatic and maxilla bones • I: mandible • A: closes the jaw • Temporalis muscles • O: temporal fossa • I: mandible • A: closes the jaw

  20. Muscles of mastication • Pterygoids • O: sphenoid, palatine and maxillary bones • I: mandible • A: elevates mandible, grinding the teeth • Buccinator

  21. Muscles of the head and neck • Platysma • O: fascia of chest and deltoid • I: mandible, skin, corner of the mouth • A: depresses mandible, pulls lip back and down • Sternocleidomastoid • O: manubrium and clavicle • I: temporal and occipital bones • A: flexion forward of the neck

  22. Neck

  23. Neck

  24. Muscles of the head and neck • Scalenes – anterior, middle, posterior • O: cervical vertebrae • I: first 2 ribs • A: elevates first 2 ribs • Digastric • O: mandible and mastoid process • I: hyoid • A: elevates hyoid bone

  25. Muscles of the head and neck • Mylohyoid • O: mandible • I: hyoid bone • A: elevates hyoid bone • Sternohyoid • O: manubrium and clavicle • I: hyoid bone • A: depresses hyoid bone

  26. Extrinsic eye muscles • Inferior and superior rectus muscles • Lateral and medial rectus muscles • Inferior oblique muscles • Elevates the eye and turns it laterally • Superior oblique muscles • Depresses the eye and turns it laterally

  27. Chapter 25 Muscles of the Trunk

  28. Muscles of the trunk and shoulder • Serratus anterior muscles • O:ribs • I: scapula (anterior surface) • A: fixates, protracts the scapula • Pectoralis minor muscles • O: ribs • I: scapula • A: ribs fixed: moves scapula forward and inferiorly and with scapula fixed it moves up the rib cage

  29. Muscles of the trunk and shoulder • Deltoid muscles • O: clavicle and scapula • I: humerus • A: abduction of the shoulder • Pectoralis Major • O: clavicle, sternum, ribs • I: humerus • A: agonist for shoulder flexion

  30. Muscles of the thorax (front)

  31. Muscles of Respiration • External intercostal • O: rib above • I: rib below • A: elevates rib cage • Internal intercostal • O: rib below • I: rib above • A: depresses rib cage

  32. Muscles of Respiration

  33. Muscles of Respiration • Diaphragm • O: ribs and its cartilage, sternum, vertebrae • I: central tendon of the diaphragm • A: prime action in inspiration

  34. Diaphragm

  35. Muscles of the Trunk (back)

  36. Muscles of the trunk (back) and shoulder • Supraspinatus muscles • O: scapula • I: humerus • A: synergist for arm abduction • Infraspinatus muscles • O: scapula • I: humerus • A: helps to hold the head of the humerus in the glenoid cavity, lateral rotation of humerus

  37. Muscles of the trunk (back) and shoulder • Teres major • O: scapula • I: humerus • A: adducts humerus, medial rotation of humerus • Teres minor muscles • O: scapula • I: humerus • A: helps to hold the head of the humerus in glenoid cavity, lateral rotation of the humerus

  38. Muscles of the trunk (back) and shoulder • Trapezius muscles • O: occipital bone, vertebrae • I: scapula, clavicle • A: extend head, elevate scapula • Rhomboids • O: vertebrae • I: scapula • A: adduct and stabilize scapula

  39. Muscles of the trunk (back) and shoulder • Levator scapulae • O: vertebrae • I: scapula • A: elevates scapula • Latissimus dorsi muscles • O: vertebrae, ribs, ilium • I: humerus • A: agonist for shoulder extension

  40. Muscles of Abdominal Wall

  41. Muscles of Abdominal Wall • Rectus abdominis • O: pubis • I: xiphoid process, ribs • A: flexes vertebral column,increase abdominal pressure • External oblique, • O: ribs • I: linea alba, pubis, ilium • A: see above, helps trunk rotation and lateral flexion

  42. Muscles of Abdominal Wall • Internal oblique • O: lumbar fascia, ilium, inguinal ligament • I: linea alba, pubis, ribs • A: same as external oblique • Transversus abdominis • O: ribs, inguinal ligament, ilium, lumbar fascia • I: linea alba, pubis • A: compresses abdominal content

  43. Posterior muscles of the back

  44. Chapter 25 Muscles of the Arm

  45. Muscles of the arm • Biceps brachii muscle • O: scapula, shoulder joint • I: radius • A: agonist for flexion of the elbow

  46. Muscles of the arm

  47. Muscles of the arm • Brachialis • O: humerus • I: ulna • A: flex the elbow • Brachioradialis • O: humerus • I: radius • A: synergist for flexion of the elbow

  48. Muscles of the arm

  49. Muscles of the arm • Triceps brachii muscle • O: scapula, humerus • I: ulna • A: agonist for extension of the elbow

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