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Can Ex Ante PIA strengthen results orientation in design and implementation of programme?

Lessons learned in conducting Ex Ante Poverty Impact Assessment for a Natural Resource Management Programme in India Third Round Table MfDR – Hanoi 2007 Rahul Sen Independent Consultant, India.

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Can Ex Ante PIA strengthen results orientation in design and implementation of programme?

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  1. Lessons learned in conducting Ex Ante Poverty Impact Assessment for a Natural Resource Management Programme in IndiaThird Round Table MfDR – Hanoi 2007Rahul SenIndependent Consultant, India

  2. Key features of the ex ante PIA conducted for the NRM programmes (NABARD/German DC) in IndiaNRM Projects studied1. The TC/ FC cooperation “Indo-German Watershed Development Programme” (IGWDP)2. The KfW-supported “Comprehensive Tribal Development Programme (Wadi) Project”3. The GTZ supported planned Public Private Partnership on Bio Fuel

  3. Key features of the ex ante PIA conducted for the NRM programmes (NABARD/German DC) in IndiaStudy Methodology1. Analysis of existing literature: project reports, government of India papers2. Discussion with stakeholders (open interviews) from projects, NABARD, NGOs, private sector3. Field visits (observation, discussion with target groups, Gram Panchayat, Village level groups)4. Report writing

  4. Key features of the ex ante PIA conducted for the NRM programmes (NABARD/German DC) in IndiaAssessment Tools Used1. Stakeholders’ interest in a pro-poor agenda2. Transmission Channels, Output / Outcome / Impacts for Target Groups3. Output / Outcomes / Impact by All Stakeholders and their Capabilities4. Outputs / Outcome / Impact by MDG++

  5. Can Ex Ante PIA strengthen results orientation in design and implementation of programme? Lessons learnt from the ex ante PIA of the NRM programmes: 1. Pro poor institutional development is critical for achieving structural impact. 2. Production / commodity (Co-operatives / SHGS) based target group organizations are more sustainable and have greater focus on poverty reduction then project implementing organizations (watershed development associations / village development association). 3. Strengthening capacities of the local government institutions is a prerequisite for achieving structural impacts. Only then can they effectively function as institution for local decision making and development.

  6. Can Ex Ante PIA strengthen results orientation in design and implementation of programme? Lessons learnt from the ex ante PIA of the NRM programmes: 4. It is important to improve the capacities of the service providers (including government, private and civil society) to deliver quality services to the poor. 5. Capacity development of target groups which aims at a sustainable reduction of poverty and improved livelihoods should be made a strategic component of the programme. 6. Socially differentiated funding mechanisms should be considered in order to avoid exclusion of poor.

  7. Conceptual and operational lessons learned1. Analyses of Stakeholders’ interest in a pro-poor agendaDifferent stakeholders (primary & secondary) have different levels of interest in pro-poor agenda. Analysis of stakeholder interest in pro-poor agenda will assist in designing and strengthening programme institutions with specific focus on poverty reduction.2. Assessment of poverty reduction in similar programmesAn assessment of poverty reduction in similar programme through field visits and discussion with all stakeholders assists in making a better assessment.

  8. Conceptual and operational lessons learned3. Complements other results measurement approaches currently used by donor agenciesAssist in construction of other results measurement approaches such as Results Framework (World Bank) / Impact Chains (GtZ / KfW) by providing inputs related to institutions, processes, stakeholder / target group capacities.4. Improvement in M&E process for poverty assessmentProgramme M&E should focus on poverty outcomes and impacts. If we identify the most effective transmission channels that impact on poverty we can expect to achieve better structural impacts.

  9. Conceptual and operational lessons learned 6. Ex ante PIA to be conducted by programme stakeholders assisted by expertsTo make ex ante PIA more effective the study team should constitute of programme stakeholder representatives with experts only supporting the team. This will allow for internalization of the study findings and their better use in decision making and planning.

  10. Key challenges in institutionalization and incorporation of PIA results into development policy making process1. Integrating PIA into programme managementPIA approach needs to be integrated into programme management with ex ante, concurrent and ex post application. This will make it useful not only for programme formulation, but also for programme review and a process monitoring.2. Harmonizing PIA with programme / project M&E Most programmes already monitor a number of indicators, including poverty impact indicators. However, these relate primarily with head counts. By harmonizing PIA with programme M&E it will be possible to monitor poverty reduction processes without unduly loading the programme M&E.

  11. Key challenges in institutionalization and incorporation of PIA results into development policy making process3. Developing objective criteria for quality monitoring PIA studiesPIA can become highly subjective depending on how user interpret very positive to very negative. To develop PIA into a more universal approach the assessment needs to be made more objective by developing objective criteria for monitoring the quality of PIA studies.4. Familiarization PIA terminologiesSome of the terminologies used in PIA are not understood universally, such as the term transmission channel, which was not understood by most of the stakeholders we consulted during our study. Familiarization of such terms would make institutionalization of the approach easier.

  12. Key challenges in institutionalization and incorporation of PIA results into development policy making process5. Harmonizing PIA into programme management by donorsMost donors pursue their own set of programme management tools, which they insist be used in programme supported by them. This results in recipient partners being saddled with numerous tools and methods. If PIA is harmonized into programme management by donors, the recipient partners will find it easier to institutionalize it and make it part of their national development policy and monitoring systems.6. Develop local expertise in ex ante PIA in partner countriesInstitutionalization of ex ante PIA into national development policy and monitoring systems would be facilitated by developing local capacities in the use of the tool. This could be done by training government agencies / local consultants in the use of the approach and use their expertise in in conducting ex ante PIAs in the partner countries.

  13. Thank You

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