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The Presidents

The Presidents. 2013 Class profiles *Please note that I did not receive projects from all students. George Washington. Vice President: John Adams Years in Office: April 30, 1789 - March 4, 1797

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The Presidents

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  1. The Presidents 2013 Class profiles *Please note that I did not receive projects from all students.

  2. George Washington • Vice President: John Adams • Years in Office: April 30, 1789 - March 4, 1797 • On March 26, 1790, Congress passed the U.S. first naturalization law which established terms of citizenship. • On December 15, 1791, the states officially ratified the first ten amendments to the constitution. • On August 20, 1794, General Anthony Wayne defeated an Indian force numbering more than 1,000 at the Battle of Fallen Timbers.

  3. Domestic • George Washington increased the power of the United States by using the federal government and Judiciary Act of 1789 to establish a court system. • Supported the Federalists way of creating a tax on whiskey and creating a national bank. • Regulated trade between Indian and Non-Indians. • Supported the Militia Act of 1792.

  4. Foreign • Washington wanted to avoid war with Great Britain and denied help from the French during the French Revolution. • Supported the Jay Treaty which controlled trade relations with Great Britain, removed them from western forts, and resolved financial debts as a result of the war.

  5. President James Monroe • Years in office: March 4, 1817- March 3, 1825 (served for 2 terms) • Democratic- Republican Party • Vice President- Daniel D. Tompkins • Missouri Compromise • Convention of 1818 • Monroe Doctrine • Cumberland Road Bill • Florida purchased from Spain

  6. Political Party- Federalist John Quincy Adams • In office from • (1825-1829) • Vice President -John C. Calhoun

  7. Andrew Jackson • Vice Presidents: John C. Calhoun (1829-1832). Martin Van Buren (1833-1837). • Years in office: March 4, 1829- March 4,1837. • Political Party: Democrat • He signed the Indian removal act forcing the Creek, Chickasaw, Cherokee, Choctaw, and Seminole tribes off of their land, moving them to the west of the Mississippi. • Nullification crisis over the Tariff issue: his belief that states are forbidden from nullifying federal laws. • Force bill-Authorizing Jackson's use of the army to gain compliance for federal law in South Carolina • In 1833 Jackson shuts down the second bank of The United States.

  8. William Henry Harrison • Vice President- John Tyler • Yrs. In office-March 4, 1841-April 4, 1841 • Political Party- Whig Party • Fought in the war of 1812 • Major general of the Kentucky Militia • Became major general of the Northwest Territory • Presidency term too short for any specific events • First President to die in office.

  9. John Tyler • No vice president • Yrs. In office-April 4, 1841-March 4, 1845 • Political Party-Whig Party • Succeeded William Henry Harrison • First to succeed another president • Signing of the Webster-Ashburton Treaty • Commonwealth v. Hunt case makes the Massachusetts Supreme Court establish the right for workers to strike. • The Texas Annexation Treaty

  10. James Knox Polk11th President of the United States • Vice president: George M. DallasYears in office: March 4th 1845 to March 3rd 1849.Political Party: Democrat 1846 Dispute with Britain over the Oregon Territory settled. Both nations get a part of the territory. 1848 Treaty of 1848 with Mexico gave the U.S. control over California, New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, Utah and parts of Colorado and Wyoming. Gold discovered in California in December.

  11. Zachary Taylor12th President of the United States • Vice President: Millard FillmoreYears in office: March 5th 1849 to July 9, 1850Political Party: Whig • 1850 -The Clayton-Bulwer Treaty signed with Britain guaranteed that any future canal across Central America would be available to all nations. 

  12. Millard Fillmore Years in Office 1850-1853 Political Party- Whigs No Vice president • Compromise of 1850 • 5 different bills to settle slavery dispute • Fugitive slave act • Which asked the north to return runaway slaves

  13. Franklin Pierce • 14th President • Vice president: William R. King • In office in 1853-1857 • Political party: Democrat • Important events/actions • May 30, 1854: The Kansas-Nebraska Act is signed into law after being introduced by President Pierce's rival, Senator Stephen Douglas (Democrat - IL). The bill reopens the question of slavery in the West by repealing the Missouri Compromise of 1820, organizes the Kansas and Nebraska territories on the basis of "popular sovereignty," and paves the way for the transcontinental railroad from Chicago to California. Although Pierce dislikes the proposal and worries that it will create national controversy, he succumbs to pressure from various senators who threaten to block appointments. • 1854-1856:Bleeding Kansas" -- a guerilla war between pro-slavery and anti-slavery settlers as they attempt to establish "popular sovereignty" -- emerges and consumes Kansas for two years. • October 23, 1855: In response to the pro-slavery territorial government and its illegal political proceedings, the Topeka Constitution, written by Free State forces and outlawing slavery, creates a second government in Kansas.

  14. James Buchanan (Dem. 1857-1861)Vice President: John C. Breckinridge • Events and Actions • 1.) Attempted to resolve slavery dispute in Kansas. • 2.) Tried to prevent secession in the South. • 3.) Sided with the Southern States when the Supreme Court was determining whether or not the Dred Scott case was unconstitutional • President when South Carolina seceded from the Union

  15. 16th President of the United States • Vice President(s): Hannibal Hamlin (1861-1865)/Andrew Johnson (1865) • Spent 4 years as President (1861-1865) • Republican • Participated in the Lincoln-Douglas debates on slavery during his campaign to become Senator • Led USA through the Civil War (preserved the Union, emancipated slaves in rebelling colonies with the Emancipation Proclamation) • Favored a Reconstruction policy that did not alienate the South and was generally generous in his terms to them • Was assassinated by Confederate sympathizer John Wilkes Booth (shot on April 14, 1865, died April 15,1865) Abraham Lincoln

  16. Andrew Johnson YEARS IN OFFICE: 1865-1869 • VICE PRESIDENT: There was no provision in the constitution for replacing a vice president, so Johnson served the rest of Abraham Lincolns second term without one. The idea of choosing a new vice president wasn’t established until the 25th Amendment was ratified in 1967. • POLITICAL PARTY: Democrat • IMPORTANT FACTS: • First to be impeached out of office • During his presidency he was involved in Reconstruction (1865–1877), the system of bringing the Southern states back into the Unites States after the Civil War.Thirteenth Amendment Ratified (1865)  • Alaska Purchased (1867)

  17. VICE PRESIDENT:Ulysses S. Grant Vice presidents Schuyler Colfax and Henry Wilson YEARS IN OFFICE: 1869-1877 Served two terms POLITICAL PARTY:REPUBLICAN IMPORTANT FACTS: • Transcontinental Railroad Completed (1869) • Fifteenth Amendment Ratified (1870) • Panic of 1873- Financial crisis in Europe and U.S • Battle of the Little Bighorn (1876)- Tribes revolt against armed forces

  18. Rutherford B. Hayes • Vice President- William A. Wheeler • Years In Office-(1877-1881) • Political Party- Republican Key Facts • Compromise of 1877: End Of Reconstruction • Bland –Allison Act (1878) :The Bland–Allison Act was an 1878 act of Congress requiring the U.S. Treasury to buy a certain amount of silver and put it into circulation as silver dollars • Pronounced the necessity of creating an American controlled canal in Panama (1880)

  19. James Garfield • Vice President- Chester A. Arthur • Years In Office-(1881-1881) • Political Party- Republican Key Facts • Second president to be assassinated in eighty days while in office • First president who was a preacher • He performed only one act which was signing an extradition paper

  20. Grover Cleveland (1st Administration) • Vice President: Thomas A. Hendricks • Years in Office:1885-1889 • Political Party: Democratic • He vetoed many private pension bills to Civil War veterans whose claims were a fraud. When Congress passed a bill granting pensions for disabilities not caused by military service, Cleveland vetoed it too. • He signed the Interstate Commerce Act, the first law attempting Federal regulation of the railroads. • In December 1887 he called on Congress to reduce high protective tariffs.  • Cleveland was defeated in 1888; although he won a larger popular majority than the Republican candidate Benjamin Harrison, he received fewer electoral votes. • Other Government Positions: • Sheriff of Erie County, NY, 1870-73 • Mayor of Buffalo, NY, 1882 • Governor of New York, 1883-85 • Mandy Singh

  21. 24th President of the United States • Vice President: Adlai Stevenson I • 8 non-consecutive years in office (4 during his second term) • Belonged to the Democrats • The Panic of 1893: Caused by the free coinage of silver, the panic turned into an economic depression. Cleveland urged Congress to repeal the free coinage provisions in the Sherman Silver Purchase Act. The repeal eventually restored the economy to a state of normalcy. • Cleveland, although not getting exactly what he wanted, managed to reduce tariffs via passage of the Wilson-Gorman Tariff Act which replaced the McKinley Tariff • Pullman Strike: Supported the railroad owners by filing an injunction against the strikers and sending in federal troops to stop the strike when the injunction was disregarded Grover Cleveland (2nd Administration)

  22. Theodore Roosevelt • Years in office 1901-1909 • Republican • VP: Charles Fairbanks • Square Deal • Trustbuster, conservationist, reformer • Pure Food and Drug Act, Meat Inspection Act • 1902 Coal Strike • Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine • Panama Canal

  23. President : William Howard Taft • Years In Office : From1909–1913 • Political Party: Republican • Vice President: James S. Sherman served as his vice president from 1909-1912, he didn’t have a vice president during 1913 • Important Events/Actions: -Civil Service Reform -Strengthening the Interstate Commerce Commission -Passage of the 16TH Amendment -Dollar Diplomacy (sought to further economic development in nations in Latin America and Asia) William Howard Taft

  24. Vice President : Thomas R. Marshall Years in Office: From 1913-1921 Political Party: Democrats Important Events/ Actions: -The passage of the Underwood Tariff, which reduced tariff rates from 41% to 27% -the Clayton Anti-Trust Act was passed to help labor have more rights. It allowed important labor tools like strikes, pickets, and boycotts. -Passage of the Federal Reserve Act in 1913 -President during WWI Fourteen Points, Treaty of Versailles rejected by Senate Woodrow Wilson

  25. Warren G. Harding Warren G. Harding 29th president Vice president: Calvin Coolidge Years in office: March- 4-1921 to August- 3- 1925 Political Party: Republican • FACTS • Belief in isolationism and to move the nation away from progressivism • Progressivism = reform movement • 2. Warren G. Harding gave powerful positions to his friends and supporters • Known as the Ohio Gang • Eventually a case was presented and they were jailed • 3. Supported anti- lynching movement • Anti lynching = killing by mob action • Signed bills and amendments that were passed by congress to regulate the industry • Was involved in Teapot Dome scandal

  26. Calvin Coolidge Calvin Coolidge 30th president Known as “silent Cal” Became president after the death of former president Warren G. Harding Vice president: Charles G. Dawes Years in office : August-2-1923 to March-4-1929 Political party: Republican Facts During the era of Calvin Coolidge the U.S experienced a boom in the economy known as the “roaring twenties” Signed the Indian citizenship act granting full citizenship to native Americans in 1924 - Permitted them tribal land 3. Favored the civil right movement 4.In 1924 he signed the Revenue act - This act reduce income tax rate 5. In 1927 he signed the radio act - The act regulated the radio

  27. Herbert Hoover • Vice President: Charles Curtis • Years in office: March 4,1929- March 4,1933 • Great Depression (1929) • Stock Market Crash (1929) • Bonus March (1932)- Thousands of unemployed WWI veterans marched on D.C to demand immediate payment of their promised bonus. • Hoover ordered army to break up camps. • Hoover was seen as a heartless president at this point • “Trickle down” theory (Reconstruction Finance corporation).

  28. Franklin Delano Roosevelt • 32nd President of US • Presidential terms (March 4, 1933 – April 12, 1945) • Vice Presidents- John N. Garner (1933-1941) Henry A. Wallace (1941-1945)Harry S. Truman (1945) • Democratic President • Great Depression

  29. Domestic policy • New Deal • Emergency Banking Act • Three Rs • Relief- immediate help to people without food and shelter (CCC, WPA) • Recovery- stimulate and restore the economy (NIRA, AAA) • Reform- prevent the problems that caused the depression (FDIC, SEC) • Court Packing Plan • Social Security Foreign policy • Good neighbor policy- non intervention policy in Latin America • Neutrality Acts • Destroyers for Bases agreement • Tripartite Act- “stand by and cooperate with each other” • Lend-Lease Act

  30. Harry Truman (Rep. 1945-1953)Vice President: Alben W. Barkley • 3-5 Important Actions • 1.) Ended World War II, with the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. And the surrender of the Germans. • 2.) Signed the charter ratifying the United Nations • 3.) Becomes the 33rd President after the death Franklin D. Roosevelt. • 4.) Truman Doctrine- Economic and Military Aid to Turkey and Greece • 5.) Addresses the NAACP, first President to do so.

  31. Dwight Eisenhower • 34th President • Vice president: Richard Nixon • In office: 1953-1961 • Political party: Republican • Important events actions: • October 8, 1953: Eisenhower announces that the Soviet Union has tested a hydrogen bomb. • May 17, 1954: The Supreme Court announces a decision in Brown v. Topeka Board of Education, ruling that racial segregation in public schools is unconstitutional. • March 16, 1955: Eisenhower announces that the United States would use atomic weapons in the event of war with Communist China. • May 31, 1955: In Brown II, the Supreme Court orders schools integrated "with all deliberate speed."

  32. John F. Kennedy Vice President : Lyndon B. Johnson Years in Office : 1961 - 1963 Political Party : Democratic Bay of Pigs (1961) : Unsuccessful attempt to overthrow Cuban dictator, Fidel Castro. Cuban Missile Crisis (1962) : Conflict between the U.S and Soviet Union, missiles were placed in Cuba by Soviets to intimidate the U.S. Ultimately, war was averted with an agreement between President Kennedy and Premier Khrushchev. Assassination (1963) : Lee Harvey Oswald shoots and kills John F. Kennedy in Dallas, where the president is campaigning for re-election.

  33. Lyndon B. Johnson Vice President : Hubert Humphrey Years in Office : 1963 - 1969 Political Party : Democratic Presidency (1963) : Becomes President after the assassination of Kennedy. 24th Amendment (1964) : Abolished poll-taxes. Civil Rights Movement (1964 - 65) : He signed the 1964 Civil Rights Act and the 1965 Voting Rights Act. Vietnam War (1963 - 69) : Johnson increasingly focused on the American military effort in Vietnam. GREAT SOCIETY – “war on poverty”

  34. Richard Nixon • Vice Presidents: Gerald Ford, Spiro Agnew • Years in office: January 20, 1969 – August 9, 1974 • Political Party: Republican Party • Important Events/Actions: • ERA (Equal Rights Amendment) – never adopted • Eased tensions during the Cold War: détente • he reduced tensions with China and the U.S.S.R. •  produced a treaty to limit strategic nuclear weapons: SALT • Resigned due to the WATERGATE scandal

  35. Gerald Ford • Vice Presidents: Nelson Rockefeller • Years in office: August 9, 1974 – January 20, 1977 • Political Party: Republican Party • Important Events/Actions: • Ford pardoned Nixon • Federal Elections Campaign Act of 1974 • Ford makes a visit to Japan, the first by an American President. Nov 17, 1974 • Ford is pelted with eggs by an antagonistic crowd while campaigning in New York City.

  36. Jimmy Carter • Vice President: Waller Mondale • Years in office: January 20, 1997-January 20, 1981 • Political Party: Democratic Party • Established the Department of Education • March 9, 1978 Carter invokes the Taft- Hartley Act to end a strike by coal miners • April 22, 1980 the U.S. Olympic committee votes to boycott the Moscow summer Olympics, supporting Carter in protesting the soviet Union • Camp David Accords – peace settlement between Egypt and Israel • Treaty with Panama – return control of Canal Zone to Panama • Iran-Hostage Crisis

  37. Ronald Regan • Vice President: George H.W. Bush • Years in office: January 20, 1981, - January 20, 1989 • Political Party : Republican Party • January 22, 1981 Presidential Task force on Regulatory Relief is established to review government regulations • August 13, 1986 President Reagan signs the tax bill, the (Economic) recovery Tax Act (ERTA). • December 8, 1987 the intermediate- range nuclear forces (INF) Treaty is signed with the Soviet Union eliminatory intermediate range nuclear missiles “Reaganomics” or supply-side economics

  38. George H. W. Bush (1989-1993) • Vice President: Dan Quayle • Party: Republican • He ordered military operations in Panama and the Persian gulf. • He began an effort to persuade the democratic controlled congress to act on the budget. • Bush signed a bill providing additional benefits for the unemployed workers. • Americans with disabilities ace of 1990. • Bush reauthorized the clean air act, requiring cleaner burning fuels. • Bush’s administration, along with the progressive conservative Canadian prime minister, Brian Mulroney, spearheaded the negotiations of the NAFTA

  39. Bill Clinton (1993-2001) • Vice-President: Al Gore • Party: Democrat • Clinton signed the family and medical leave act of 1993 • Congress implemented the “ Don’t ask, don’t tell” policy • The Clinton administration launched the first official white house website on October 21, 1994 • In August1993, Clinton signed the omnibus budget reconciliation act of 1993 • Foster care independent act • Children's health insurance program, the largest(successful0 health care reform in the years of the Clinton presidency. • Also in 1993, Clinton controversially supported ratification of the north American free trade agreement by the U.S Senate

  40. George W. Bush • Vice President: Dick Cheney • Years in Office:2001-2009 • Political Party: Republican • Bush formed a new cabinet-level Department of Homeland Security, sent American forces into Afghanistan to break up the Taliban, a movement under Osama bin Laden that trained financed and exported terrorist teams. • Following the 9/11 and the Pentagon attacks, the president also recast the nation’s intelligence gathering and analysis services, and ordered reform of the military forces to meet the new enemy. • At the same time he delivered major tax cuts which had been a campaign pledge. • “President Bush pledged during his 2005 State of the Union Address that the United States would help the Iraqi people establish a fully democratic government because the victory of freedom in Iraq would strengthen a new ally in the war on terror, bring hope to a troubled region, and lift a threat from the lives of future generations.” Other Government Positions: Governor of Texas Mandy Singh

  41. President Barack Obama • Years in office: January 20, 2009- Present (served for two terms) • Democratic Party • Vice president- Joe Biden • Announces the withdrawal of all U.S. troops in Iraq by December 31, fulfilling a 2008 campaign pledge to end the war. • Obama announces to the world that al Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden has been killed in a raid in Abbottobad, Pakistan. • Signs the health care reform bill into law • Obama addresses the nation from the Oval Office to mark the end of U.S. combat operations in Iraq. • Continuing economic problems

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