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Women and Walled Towns

Women and Walled Towns. Attractions Dangers Reactions. A walled town-Montereggioni. Montereggioni. View from the countryside. Looking toward Florence. More walled towns-Ireland. Opportunity or danger?. 14 th to 17 th century walled towns show 20-30 % more women than men

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Women and Walled Towns

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  1. Women and Walled Towns Attractions Dangers Reactions

  2. A walled town-Montereggioni

  3. Montereggioni View from the countryside Looking toward Florence

  4. More walled towns-Ireland

  5. Opportunity or danger? • 14th to 17th century walled towns show 20-30 % more women than men • More younger women (14 to 17) than younger men • Reasons? • push-pull factors • “masterless” (German expression) • break serfdom • Results? • By 1600s, 60% domestic servants • This occupation remained the most dominant urban employment for women until the 1940s • Others became “the poor”

  6. The Poor • The history of the working poor is their ability to “multitask” • Women would spin, card linen and wool, tat lace, do piecework • Take in lodgers, make a room into an alehouse, run an inn • Made food and sold it door to door • Went outside the walled city looking for second-hand clothing, tallow, wheat, beer, fish, anything that could be sold in town • “Buy, sell, look for the margin” Itinerant work as a washer woman

  7. Blurry picture of women killing themselves rather than be raped

  8. Occupations, livelihoods, whores again?

  9. The rise of the guilds • At first (13th century), women did become members of the newly-formed guilds • By the end of the 13th century in many parts of Europe, women were not permitted to join most guilds • The “journeyman” that Anderson & Zinsser claim were the dream of the chambrière, were the ones most responsible for preventing women from joining Inside tailor’s shop

  10. Merchant’s Wives • Educated, wealthier merchant class women contributed more fully to the family business • Yet, their hands never idle, they still spun

  11. Natural Disasters and War – London Fire 1666

  12. Disease • The Black Death, the Maiden’s death or Pest Jungfrau • “The contagion only ever hits the poor people….God by his Grace will have it so.” (Citizen of Tolouse in 1561)

  13. Childbearing • Demographically, females number fewer than men only in infancy (0-4 years old) and young adulthood (23-27 years) • Correlation with childbirth

  14. Faith in God, repentance and the saints 1348 flagellants from the Black Death days

  15. Morality, mystery, Mary Magdalen • One path of religious instruction came from mystery plays • Many turned to worship of the saints • Others looked to Mary Magdalen

  16. Mary – as mother-as Queen of heaven • The humble mother was also featured in mystery plays • And as Queen of Heaven

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