Chapter 2 Short Answer

1. Chapter 2 Short Answer

2. Jesuit Missions in New France • Who-Roman Catholic French Missionaries • What-dedicated to converting nonbelievers to Christianity • Where-from France to Quebec • When-arrived in 1625

3. Tried to persuade indigenous peoples to adopt European agricultural methods (economic) • Learned Indian languages and lived amongst the people (social/cultural) • Used a variety of methods such as rhetoric, literacy, “remedies”(social/cultural) • Gained thousands of converts and altered traditional native customs (social/cultural)

4. Puritans, Separatists, and Presbyterians • Who- • Presbyterianism: a religious group that dispensed bishops and placed authority in clerics and laymen called presbyteries • Puritans (Calvinists): wanted to purify the church • Separatists: wanted to leave the church • What-forms of Christianity, religious groups/dissenters • Where- began in England, Ireland, and Scotland • When-1550’s to early 1600’s

5. All three groups reformed or changes the church practices (social/cultural) • Established the churches of England and Scotland. • Wanted the church free from political interference (political) • Calvinists adopted the idea of predestination which posed an important dilemma regarding the power of church officials and/or God (social/cultural)

6. Jamestown and Tsenacommacah • Who-104 men and boys • What- • Jamestown-the name given by the English (for their monarch) for the settlement. • Tsenacommacah-the native name of the land the English settled on. • Where-a region near the Chesapeake Bay • When-1607

7. Created small houses and a chapel (social/cultural) • Fell victim to dissension, disease, drought, and a starving time (social/cultural) • Attempted to maintain traditional English social and political hierarchies. • Powhatan group negotiated with Captain John Smith-traded food for weapons (economic/social/cultural) • Marriage of Pocahontas and John Rolfe created some sense of peace (social/cultural)

8. Conditions of Servitude • Who- usually men between the ages 15-24, 1 in 6 was a woman • What- English immigrants that came to America as servants with the hope of advancement • Where- Chesapeake region • When-1600’s

9. Servants typically worked six days a week, ten to fourteen hours a day (economic/social/cultural) • Could earn “freedom dues” such as clothes, tools, livestock, food and land (economic/social/cultural) • Masters could discipline or sell them but they did have some protection under the law (political) • Had to endure a “seasoning period” during their first summer which 40% did not survive (social/cultural) • If a man survived there was chance for advancement into wealth and/or government positions (economic/political)

10. Pequot War and its Aftermath • Who- • English settlers under the leadership of Thomas Hooker • Pequot were the Native American group • What-conflict between natives and English over land rights • Where-Connecticut valley/Mystic River • When-1637-1670

11. Pequot dominance stemmed from trade with Dutch and Algonquians (economic/social) but ended with English arrival • Pequot leaders tried but failed to recruit allies (social/cultural) • Initial conflicts killed 11 English and caused them to retaliate. After a month long battle, 400 Pequot were killed including women and children (social/cultural) • For the next four decades Native Americans adapted to parts European culture for survival and income. They kept traditional farming methods (cultural/economic).