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2001: A Plants without Seeds Odyssey

2001: A Plants without Seeds Odyssey. Michael Patterson, Rebecca Flanagan, and Kellie O’Hearn. Scene Selection. Evidence of Early Plant Evolution Monophyletic, Clade, and Synapomorphies Evolved Nonvascular Features Plant Life Cycle Moss Life Cycle Vascular Plants

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2001: A Plants without Seeds Odyssey

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  1. 2001: A Plants without Seeds Odyssey Michael Patterson, Rebecca Flanagan, and Kellie O’Hearn

  2. Scene Selection • Evidence of Early Plant Evolution • Monophyletic, Clade, and Synapomorphies • Evolved Nonvascular Features • Plant Life Cycle • Moss Life Cycle • Vascular Plants • Evolved Vascular Features • Vascular Plants • Nonvascular Analogous Structures • Homospory and Heterspory • Nonvascular Plant Clades • Vascular Plant Clades • Water • Evolution of Plants

  3. Evidence of Early Plant Evolution 1870 1915 Dawson Kidston and Lang discovered similar “naked plant” fossils, named genus Rhynia • discovered Psilophyton, means “naked plant” Reconstruction of Devonian period Rhyniechert Reconstruction of extinct Psilophyton

  4. A monophyleticclade shares synapomorphies. Ten groups: 7 vascular and 3 nonvascular Synapomorphy of vascular clade: tracheids Nonvascular: No clade

  5. Evolved Nonvascular Features Evolutionary adaptations have granted nonvascular plants global, widespread existence. Open Stomata Gametophytes/Gametangiaof the liverwort Marchantia Waxy Cuticle & Water

  6. Mitosis vs. Meiosis: Mitosis – formation of gametophytes, sporophytes, and gametes Meiosis – formation of spores Plant Life Cycle Haploid vs. Diploid: Haploid – one copy of chromosomes Diploid – two copies of chromosomes Gametophyte vs. Sporophyte Gametophyte – most prominent stage in nonvascular plants Sporophyte – most prominent stage in vascular plants

  7. Gametophyte vs. Sporophyte Gametophyte – most prominent stage in nonvascular plants Sporophyte – most prominent stage in vascular plants Antheridium – M Archegonium– F Protected Embryo Rhizoid, Protonema, Bud? Specific to Mosses

  8. Vascular Plants “Pathway for Transport” Synapomorphy of vascular clade: tracheids Tracheid – a type of cell that is the preeminent carrier of water of the xylem “Rigid Structural Support” Phloem Xylem

  9. Evolved Vascular Features “Branching, Independent Sporophyte” Rhizoids and Rhizomes A vascularlycophytesporophyte Evolution Roots Microphyll (Simple Leaf)

  10. Vascular Plants Megaphyll (Complex Leaf) Adiantum (fern) Lycopodium (club moss) Stomata

  11. Nonvascular Analogous Structures Vascular Nonvascular Small growth pattern, capillary action and diffusion Stems, xylem and phloem Symbiotic relationship with fungi, facilitating absorption of water and nutrients Roots and leaves, acquisition of nutrients and products of photosynthesis

  12. Homospory & Heterospory Homospory Heterospory

  13. Nonvascular Plant Clades Liverworts Mosses Short sporophytes Small sporangia Left: Leafy Gametophyte Right: Thalloid Gametophyte Simple gametophytes Large, plate-like chloroplasts Lack of transport system Symbiotic fungal relationship Possess stomata Primitive ‘vascular system’: Leptoids – sugar Hydroids – water Protonema-> Buds -> Apex -> Sporangia Hornworts

  14. Vascular Plant Clades Lycophytes Leptosporangiate ferns Horsetails Dichotomous roots Microphylls Sporangia – Structures called Strobili, Sporophylls Sporangia appear on stalk, undersides of leaves in bundles called Sori Possess true leaves, roots, and stems Megaphylls Megaphylls Small Scales or Small Megaphylls Gametophytes live underground, rely on symbiotic relationship with fungi Whisk Ferns Only lycophytes have dichotomous roots.

  15. All seedless plants (both nonvascular and vascular) require water in order for the sperm to successfully reach the egg.

  16. The Evolution of Plants

  17. References Sadava, David, et. al. Life: The Science of Biology. Sunderland: Sinauer Associates, 2011. Print. http://university.uog.edu/botany/Plant_Di/lycophytes.htm http://science.howstuffworks.com/dictionary/plant-terms/root-info.htm http://bonfirehealth.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/blue_wave_of_water-wide.jpg http://lifeofplant.blogspot.com/2011/01/trimerophytophyta.html http://palaeos.com/plants/plants.htm http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Monophyletic.png http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dd/Kale2.jpg http://bio1151.nicerweb.com/Locked/media/ch29/gametangia.html http://alevelnotes.com/Cell-Specialisation-and-Organism-Organisation/150 http://www.toltec.biz/how_hemodialysis_works.htm http://kubrickfilms.warnerbros.com/images/Video_Detail_2001_keyart.gif http://htmlgiant.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/hal-2001-a-space-odyssey1.jpg http://thefilmexperience.net/storage/2001-a-space-odyssey-ape.jpg?__SQUARESPACE_CACHEVERSION=1325287262341 http://www.missouriplants.com/Pinkalt/Erigeron_philadelphicus_page.html http://www.mdidea.com/products/new/black_fungus.jpg http://static.diffen.com/uploadz/6/6e/Xylem-and-Phloem.jpg

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