Cueing the reader

1. Cueing the reader

2. Orientating Statements • Thesis statement or topic sentence statement • Forecasting statement which previews subordinate points and order of discussion. Do this for lengthy papers or information giving/ explaining ones.

3. Paragraph Cues • Indentation • Topic sentence: define main idea of paragraph and/or make a transition by referring to earlier paragraph • Topic sentence comes at the beginning of a paragraph; occasionally at the end. Not at other positions.

4. Cohesive devices • Pronoun reference. (Antecedents) • Word repetition: when a pronoun may confuse as to its reference, or merely for emphasis. • Repetition can sometimes take the form of using synonyms to avoid monotony. • Sentence structure repetition. • Collocation: related words around a topic. For high school: graduation, honors, cap, gown, senior class, etc.

5. Connectives Logical relationships: • Item in a series: first, second; moreover, furthermore, similarly, besides etc • Illustration or specification: in particular, specifically, for instance, for example, namely etc • Cause or result: consequently, hence, accordingly, therefore, thus etc • Restatement: in other words, to put it differently • Conclusion or summary: evidently, clearly, actually, to sum up

6. Connectives • Opposing point: nevertheless, however, still, neither, on the contrary • Concession to opposing point: granted, certainly, naturally, etc • Resume original reasoning after concession: nonetheless, all the same, even though, still

7. Connectives • Temporal relationships (frequency, duration, particular time, beginning, middle, end) • Spatial relationships( closeness, distance, direction)

8. Headings and subheadings • Can be used for longer papers as a cohesive device