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Substance P (SP) & Endorphin

Substance P (SP) & Endorphin. Content. Neuropeptides & pain perception Substance P endorphins NK1-receptor & Central opiate receptors Endorphins Enkephanlin. Substance P (SP). a kind of neuropeptide (belongs to the tachykinin neuropeptide family)

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Substance P (SP) & Endorphin

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  1. Substance P (SP) &Endorphin

  2. Content • Neuropeptides & pain perception • Substance P • endorphins • NK1-receptor & Central opiate receptors • Endorphins • Enkephanlin

  3. Substance P (SP) a kind of neuropeptide (belongs to the tachykinin neuropeptide family) Mainly found in the brain and spinal cord Substance P is an important element in pain perception

  4. tachykinin family • tachykinin family：Phe-X-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2 X is either an Aromatic(苯環類)or anAliphatic amino acid(酯胺酸) Substance P

  5. ………. Tachykinin peptides Substance p Mammalian tachykinin receptor NK-1 (most attractive) NK-2 NK-3 NK1-receptor • The endogenous receptor for Substance P is neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1-receptor, NK1R). • NK1-receptor belongs to the tachykinin receptor sub-family of GPCRs(G-protein couple receptor) • NK1-receptor is considered an attractive drug target, particularly with regards to potential analgesics and anti-depressants

  6. FunctionofSubstance P • SP has been associated with the regulationof mood disorders, anxiety, stress , etc. • SPalsorelates to Neurogenic inflammation • Substance P receptor(NK1-receptor) antagonists may have important therapeutic applications in the treatment of a variety of stress-related illnesses, in addition to their potential as analgesics

  7. Other application • Cell growth：Substance P has been known to stimulate cell growth in culture, and it was shown that Substance P could promote wound healing of non-healing ulcers in humans • Diabetes：Substance P has also been shown to reverse diabetes in mice but effects to insulin secretion seems to be species dependent. • Vasodilation：Ithas been shown that vasodilatation to substance P is dependent on the NK1 receptor located on the endothelium.

  8. Why may a runner who twists his leg during a competition finish the run before he really feels the pain?

  9. Central opiate receptors • The endogenous analgesia system is a pain control system descending from brainstem to the spinal cord.

  10. Endogenous opioids are substances with opiate-like effects. • occurring in the nervous system • ß -endorphin,met-enkephalin, leu-enkephalin, dynorphin and many others • Endogenous opioids are derivatives of three large protein molecules encoded by three different genes. • e.g. POMC ACTH ß -endorphin

  11. Nerve impulse Spinal cord Endorphins (－ ):releasing pain signals Stimulation or increased tone of the analgesia system can suppress strong pain signals entering the spinal cord through the dorsal spinal horn. 背部 腹部

  12. Endorphin “endo-” “–orphin” • endogenous opioid neuropeptides • function as neurotransmitters • produced by the pituitary gland and the hypothalamus • during exercise,excitement, pain, consumption of spicy food, love and orgasm, • resemble the opiates in their abilities to produce analgesia and a feeling of well-being endogenous morphine

  13. Enkephalin • An enkephalin is a pentapeptide involved in regulating nociception in the body. Met-enkephalin

  14. The enkephalins are termed endogenous ligands, or specifically endorphins • they are internally derived and bind to the body's opioid receptors. • Met-enkephalin is Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met. • Leu-enkephalin has Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu.

  15. 資料來源： • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-endorphin • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substance_P • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brainstem • http://tw.knowledge.yahoo.com/question/question?qid=1405111805839 • http://tw.knowledge.yahoo.com/question/question?qid=1005010501521 • Campbell biology campbell reece 8th edition by Reece, Campbell 2007

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