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Lecture 16: Electrical Engineering II

Lecture 16: Electrical Engineering II. EEN 112: Introduction to Electrical and Computer Engineering. Professor Eric Rozier, 4 /10/ 13. EXAM GRADES. Quiz III Grades. Midterm Grades. Midterm I Average: C+ 25% - B+ 50% - B- 7 5% - C- Midterm II Average: B 2 5% - A 50% - B 7 5% - C.

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Lecture 16: Electrical Engineering II

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  1. Lecture 16: Electrical Engineering II EEN 112: Introduction to Electrical and Computer Engineering Professor Eric Rozier, 4/10/13

  2. EXAM GRADES

  3. Quiz III Grades

  4. Midterm Grades • Midterm I • Average: C+ • 25% - B+ • 50% - B- • 75% - C- • Midterm II • Average: B • 25% - A • 50% - B • 75% - C

  5. Midterm II Grades

  6. Midterm I & II Grades

  7. Course Grades • Average: A- • 25% - A • 50% - A- • 75% - B

  8. Course Grades

  9. The Importance of Trust • Sarbanes-Oxley Act • HIPAA • California Proposition 11 • FISMA • Massachusetts 201 CMR 17.00 Over 10,000 regulations

  10. Users expect data to be stored indefinitely…

  11. Reliability • What responsibilities do we have as engineers to preserve information? • Should we be liable if our systems fail in these ways? • What limits should there be to liability? • Can a system ever be fully reliable? • What responsibility do we have to report the limits to our systems reliability?

  12. High Frequency Trading • Algorithmic trading, seeks to exploit small differences in prices, millions of programs running • How do they interact? • How does somethingwritten by Company Aaffect somethingwritten by Company B?

  13. High Frequency Trading • 2010 Flash Crash – largest intraday point loss • Losses recovered in minutes, but scared regulatory bodies • US SEC and CFTCconsluded that HFTcontributed to thevolatility.

  14. High Frequency Trading • SEC and FTC stated – “market makers and other liquidity providers widened their quote spreads, reduced liquidity, and withdrew from the market” • Some signal set offtheir algorithms,caused a jointmovement whichhelped cause the crash

  15. High Frequency Trading • What responsibility do we have to prevent disasters? • What happens when our duty to our employermight conflict? • How do we weighour responsibilities?

  16. The broader world is complex • Critical thinking • Awareness of situations and consequences • Working with regulators, and employers • Maintaining integrity

  17. ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

  18. Resistors • What do the bands mean?

  19. Ohm’s Law • Resistance, Voltage, and Current are related… • V – • I – • R –

  20. POWER!!! • P = V I • V = I R, so… • P = (I R) I = I^2 R • I = V/R, so… • P = V (V/R) = V^2/R

  21. Diodes

  22. Diodes

  23. LED • Light Emitting Diode • Diode that emits light (fancy that!) • Low power, bright • Come in various colors • Using LEDs • Use in correct orientation • Use a current limiting resistor!!!

  24. LED History • Invented in 1962 by Dr. Nick Holonyak while at General Electric • Dr. Craford (Dr. Holonyak’s student) invented the first colored LED • First LEDs produced by Monsanto Company in 1968

  25. LEDs

  26. LEDs

  27. LEDs

  28. Semiconductors • Electrical conductivity between a conductor and an insulator • Conductivity increases with temperature • P-type semiconductor • Excess holes • N-type semiconductor • Excess free electrons • “Doping” sets these properties

  29. Doping • Not just for the Tour de France! • Introduce impurities • Gallium Arsenic gas very popular • Grow silicon in an environment with the impurities in certain concentrations

  30. LEDs

  31. P-Type? HOLES!

  32. N-Type? FREE ELECTRONS!

  33. P-Type? HOLES!

  34. N-Type? FREE ELECTRONS!

  35. LEDs

  36. Semiconductors • Both P and N junctions are relatively conductive… under the right circumstances • Junctions get depleted of charge

  37. LEDs

  38. LEDs • Often used as indicator lights • More recently for • TVs • Flash lights • Light bulbs • Jumbo-tron displays

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