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Interoperability as a key to a European network: the ERTMS

Interoperability as a key to a European network: the ERTMS. Interoperability within the EC : what does it mean ?

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Interoperability as a key to a European network: the ERTMS

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  1. Interoperability as a key to a European network: the ERTMS Interoperability within the EC: what does it mean? Interoperability consists of a series of technical-regulatory interventions by which the EU plans to bring the various national railway systems towards a railway network which is open and integrated at a European level. All the initiatives aimed at making the technical characteristics of the EU railway networks homogeneous - and, therefore, interoperable - refer to the objective of interoperability.

  2. Interoperability as a key to a European network: the ERTMS • Interoperability may be defined as: the capacity of the various national networks to interact, without interruption, with the adjoining networks, enabling a passenger or goods train to circulate without distinction on any section of the large trans-European railway network.

  3. Interoperability as a key to a European network: the ERTMS • Interoperability: who is involved? • The project for development of the interoperability arises from the collaboration of the EU Member States and from the constructive involvement of the following parties which are directly interested: • infrastructure managers • rail firms • rail industry

  4. Interoperability as a key to a European network: the ERTMS • The representatives of these sectors, joined together under the former AEIF (European Association for Railway Interoperability) – now the European Railway Agency(ERA), have the duty of agreeing upon and defining the Technical Specifications for Interoperability (TSIs), i.e. the technical solutions to guarantee the essential requirements for making an interoperable railway system operational. • The interoperability intervenes on a SYSTEM, it modifies it, opens it up, modernises it, strengthens it and integrates the various components.

  5. Interoperability as a key to a European network: the ERTMS • The above-mentioned parties involved in the interoperability all play a part in this transformation, together with social parties and representatives of the users, who are also consulted.

  6. Interoperability as a key to a European network: the ERTMS • Interoperability: importance • The reasons why the implementation of interoperability is indispensable are mainly of an economic and commercial nature. • The competitiveness of the railway system is dependent, at the moment, on the differences between the Member States in terms of materials, technology, signals, safety regulations, braking systems, traction current and speed limits. The international trains which cross many States are forced, by this situation of system segmentation, to stop at the border.

  7. Interoperability as a key to a European network: the ERTMS • The technical differences between the European states, over the years, has been due to: • the need to protect their particular interests or those of the respective rail industries. • at the same time, it led to a reduction in the traffic quotas. • Road transport, on the other hand, strengthened its market position by taking advantage of the absence of technical and logistic barriers.

  8. Interoperability as a key to a European network: the ERTMS • European railways are still not able to guarantee - for freight, for example - door-to-door international transport. The lack of harmonised network systems in the past has caused losses in terms of quality of the service and, therefore, competitiveness. • Moreover, the technical and regulatory barriers have direct consequences on the configuration of the transport market: They favour the existing firms and slow down the entrance of new operators and the growth of a more competitive market.

  9. Interoperability as a key to a European network: the ERTMS • An open market, without technical barriers, is the best guarantee for an increase in the quality of the services offered (the firms are forced to compete with one another) and for an expansion of the demand. • At the same time, it is the opportunity to make new investments.

  10. Interoperability as a key to a European network: the ERTMS • The interoperability represents one of the absolutely essential factors for the revival of rail transport and the consequent rebalancing of the general transport market. • Thanks to the interoperability and the construction of a railway sector which is legally and technically integrated and commercially competitive, even the aim of reducing traffic congestion on the EU roads becomes possible, with the reduction of pollution and clear advantages for the environment.

  11. Interoperability as a key to a European network: the ERTMS • Interoperability: advantages • The development of railway interoperability is a process which requires time, investments and political will, with a truly European view for the growth of the EU Member States. • This process involves various sectors of the civil and economic life of each State:

  12. Interoperability as a key to a European network: the ERTMS 1. The rail companies • The national railways and their companies for the management of the network and the transport, stimulated by the EU Directives on the interoperability of the high-speed (96/48/EC – supplemented by Directive 2001/16/EC) and conventional (2001/16/EC) trans-European railway systems, take the necessary measures to reduce the differences with the other networks, in order to safely improve the circulation of the international trains when they cross the frontiers, searching for common standards on issues of:

  13. Interoperability as a key to a European network: the ERTMS • signalling and commands, • telematics applications for freight transport, • operation and management of the rolling stock to be used for international transport, • qualifications of personnel, • etc.

  14. Interoperability as a key to a European network: the ERTMS • The investment in the upgrading of the networks and rolling stock to common technological standards represents the opportunity to upgrade, modernize and strengthen the entire national rail system. • The modal rebalance, resulting from the adoption of interoperability, favours an increase in rail traffic and the commercial development of the rail companies.

  15. Interoperability as a key to a European network: the ERTMS 2. The customers • The customers of passenger and freight rail transport are the parties most sensitive to an overall improvement in the performance of an interoperable rail service, which is aligned with the highest international standards. • The customers cannot fail to benefit from a safer, faster and technologically advanced transport system, which is planned to meet the needs of a demanding and international market. And the customers - both passengers and freight - formulate the market opinion on the improvements which interoperability brings to each individual network.

  16. Interoperability as a key to a European network: the ERTMS • Finally, market liberalization brings the customers to a new central position which, in turn, implies a new approach and a new way of communicating with the public for every rail company. 3. The industry in the railway sector • There are two types of advantage for the rail industry sector and the induced industries:

  17. Interoperability as a key to a European network: the ERTMS • improvement of the quality of the products: The manufacturers of rolling stock, infrastructures and technological systems are encouraged by the interoperability to carry out research and to increase the level of production to meet the requirements of a market which demands more modern standards which are compatible with those of the other countries. • market expansion: The industry is encouraged to invest in the development of new and more modern products and, due to the interoperability - which guarantees that its products may be adopted by any other Member State - it sees an expansion of its potential market. This competition with the firms in other countries encourages the firms to adopt evermore competitive industrial practices. This leads to a virtuous circle which is to the advantage of the entire system-country and the wider European industrial system.

  18. Interoperability as a key to a European network: the ERTMS 4. The transport operators • A market with continental, and no longer national, borders represents an opportunity for growth of all the operators working in a direct or indirect manner in the transport sector. Also here, the involvement in a large market becomes the stimulus to improve services and supplies.

  19. Interoperability as a key to a European network: the ERTMS 5. The individual countries • The interoperability directly influences the infrastructure system of the countries which adopt it and it becomes a strong stimulus for the economic/industrial, social and cultural development. • It redraws the transport map, moving greater traffic flows onto rail - which is the form of transport to cause the least impact on the environment and the territory. • It favours industrial and commercial growth, and contributes in a concrete manner to the construction of a shared European identity.

  20. Interoperability as a key to a European network: the ERTMS • ERTMS: ERA’s instrument to achieve a high level of interoperability • ERTMS - What is it? The European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS) is a European cab-based signalling and train control system that offers significant capacity and performance benefits, as well as further enhancing safety beyond the capability of legacy automatic train protection (ATP) systems. Its final aim is to improve the competitiveness of the rail sector.

  21. Interoperability as a key to a European network: the ERTMS The deployment of a unique harmonised train command/control and telecommunication systems and the creation of trans-European traffic management facilities constitute crucial elements toward the achievement of a real integrated rail network.

  22. Interoperability as a key to a European network: the ERTMS • How does ERTMS work? ERTMS consists of two primary components: • ETCS (European Train Control and Command System) & • GSM-R (the radio communications system to send information to the train).

  23. Interoperability as a key to a European network: the ERTMS • Why should the rail industry invest in ERTMS? ERTMS brings long term benefits for the industry such as: *Significant capacity improvements* Performance and reliability benefits* Enhanced safety beyond the capability of legacy ATP systems* Reduced life cycle cost of operating the railways* Compliant with European Interoperability Legislation.

  24. Interoperability as a key to a European network: the ERTMS • One of the main benefits for ERTMS look at increasing capacity. Potentially what is this increase in capacity? It is widely recognised that ERTMS can bring significant capacity benefits. As a continuous communication-based signalling system, ERTMS reduces the headway between trains enabling up to 40% more capacity on currently existing infrastructure

  25. Interoperability as a key to a European network: the ERTMS • What is the safety case for ERTMS? ERTMS reduces the possibility for human error providing a comprehensive automatic train protection (ATP) function, where this does not yet exist.ERTMS works as a safe monitoring system, continuously supervising the speed of each train according to track and train data. If the actual train speed exceeds the permitted data, brakes are applied automatically. This ensures the train will be stopped in front of the danger point.

  26. Interoperability as a key to a European network: the ERTMS The above-said, coupled with the flexibility of ERTMS which can be applied to low-density as well as to high-density lines, is particularly important for countries where ATP systems are not yet widely deployed.

  27. Interoperability as a key to a European network: the ERTMS • When will ERTMS be ready? ERTMS is already in commercial services worldwide in more than 10 countries today and more countries are adopting it everyday. • What different levels of ETCS are there? There are 3 levels of ETCS defined of which 2 are already in operation (L1 & L2). The 3rd level, L3, is in a conceptual phase.

  28. Interoperability as a key to a European network: the ERTMS • Can you upgrade from one ERTMS level to another? Yes - Where ERTMS/ETCS is already installed, say level 1, to upgrade to level 2 mainly involves the addition of the radio network as the balises are already installed .

  29. Interoperability as a key to a European network: the ERTMS • Will a certain rail administration be able to buy a product, say Eurobalises, from any supplier or more than one supplier? Yes, because they follow the same specifications to achieve interoperability. This is very important, especially for highly competitive networks where different companies are involved.

  30. Interoperability as a key to a European network: the ERTMS • Will a train equipped with ERTMS in one country be able to run on any track equipped with ERTMS worldwide? Yes, this is the main purpose of ERTMS. Specifications have been agreed by all suppliers and railway companies. Therefore, all ERTMS trains and tracksides equipment are interoperable.

  31. Interoperability as a key to a European network: the ERTMS • Can a certain rail administration run an ERTMS equipped train on our current network? Yes, providing that the said administration uses a Specific Transmission Module (STM). However, it is recomended to upgrade the network, saving costs and facilitating transit to all ERTMS equiped trains.

  32. Interoperability as a key to a European network: the ERTMS • How do we cope with national specific requirements with a standard European product? The ERTMS specifications have accounted for these and for example with the Eurobalise, specific channels are reserved for national specific use. • Can we increase the number of trains on our line? Yes, ERTMS offers the possibility to introduce higher-speed services, to decrease headways and to increase the number of connections.

  33. Interoperability as a key to a European network: the ERTMS • Will ERTMS reduce journey times? Yes, ERTMS offers this possibility. It is designed for operation up to 500 km/h. The current maximum commercial speed achieved by trains being about 350 km/h. • Will it reduce our operational costs? Yes, there is a strong opportunity to improve both OPEX (Operating Expenditure) and CAPEX (Capital Expenditure) and thereby improve life cycle cost.

  34. Interoperability as a key to a European network: the ERTMS • Will ERTMS be accepted as a standard globally? ERTMS have been developed in Europe. Nevertheless, its benefits have been recognised and accepted by many railway networks around the world. ERTMS has proved efficient in solving network problems.

  35. Interoperability as a key to a European network: the ERTMS • Why is ERTMS it needed? The main driver for ERTMS, in the context of the European Railway Network, is cross-border interoperability. The implementation of a common signalling system will remove barriers to trade and seamless cross-border railway operations.

  36. Interoperability as a key to a European network: the ERTMS • Who has sponsored the development of the standards and the specifications? The European Railway supply Industry, The European Commission, the Railway Undertakings and the Infrastructure Managers. • Which suppliers are involved? The suppliers for ETCS are the 6 Union Industry of Signalling (UNISIG) companies: Alstom Transport, Ansaldo STS, Bombardier Transportation, Invensys Rail Group, Siemens Mobility and Thales.

  37. Interoperability as a key to a European network: the ERTMS • How has the specification been generated and developed?When did it start? The first initiative started in the early 90's to specify a common system with several organisations within the Railway Industry sector involved and the contribution of the European Union. The current legally biding specifications (as defined in the TSI Control, Command and Signalling) is an outcome of the common effort by the 6 major European Signalling companies under the umbrella of UNISIG.

  38. Interoperability as a key to a European network: the ERTMS • Who controls the specification standards and maintains all aspects for interoperability? This is the responsibility of the European Railway Agency (ERA). • How can changes to the specification be introduced? A change control process operated by ERA exists.

  39. Interoperability as a key to a European network: the ERTMS • What are the commercial advantages achieved from introducing ERTMS? The main advantages with the implementation of ERTMS are: - interoperability between networks, - reduced maintenance costs, - increased competition among providers, - higher speed, - no cross border problems and - reduced bottlenecks.

  40. Interoperability as a key to a European network: the ERTMS • What is the action plan to introduce ERTMS? Who else needs to be involved or to participate? Every European Country have generated an ERTMS Migration Plan. Several countries are already quite advanced in terms of ERTMS implementation. The European Commission is considering an EU-wide ERTMS deployment plan.

  41. Interoperability as a key to a European network: the ERTMS • Does the EC continue to support the introduction of ERTMS and how? Yes. The European Union, through the mechanisim of the TEN-T programme, Structural and Regional Funds and Cohesion Funds support the development of ERTMS.

  42. Interoperability as a key to a European network: the ERTMS • What other infrastructure improvements need to made at the same time to achieve optimised operational performance? Depending on the condition and age of the lines, a variety of infrastructure including: interlockings, track-detection, communication systems including GSM-R, etc.

  43. Interoperability as a key to a European network: the ERTMS • What involvement does the EC have in extending the introduction of ERTMS (corridors, freight, new EC accession territories)? As said earlier, the European Union, through the mechanisim of the TEN-T programme, Structural and Regional Funds and Cohesion Funds supports the development of ERTMS. In addition, a European ERTMS Coordinator has been appointed to ensure the successful deployment of system. Last but not least, the EU has initiated the creation of the six ERTMS corridors, and is now considering an EU-wide deployment plan.

  44. Interoperability as a key to a European network: the ERTMS • What longer term national benefits can be expected following ERTMS implementation? Factors surrounding the quality of life should be enhanced (Power consumption, noise, polution, social costs). By making the rail sector more competitive, ERTMS helps to level the playing field with road transport and ultimately provides significant environmental gains.

  45. Interoperability as a key to a European network: the ERTMS • Is it really possible to take away the track-side light signals? Signals are no longer needed because there are other means for controlling the trains' speed and position. We can even say that ERTMS is safer as light signals at the speed of 350 km/h cannot be safely interpreted.

  46. Interoperability as a key to a European network: the ERTMS • ERTMS and Bulgaria: Case study - The National ERTMS Deployment Plan is oriented towards creation of a modern andcompetitive railway network whereas full capacity of information and communicationtechnologies is used with the purpose of effective traffic management to be reached. - Quickness, simultaneousness and completeness upon realization which may be treated asa strategic priority, and may also lead to a maximum return under consideration of alonger period of time.

  47. Interoperability as a key to a European network: the ERTMS - The intents of the Republic of Bulgaria for implementation ERTMS/ETCS arerepresented within the frame of the Plan. - The choice has been made on the grounds of a preliminary cost-benefit analysis (CBA)and the railway infrastructure projects proposed for the period 2007 – 2013 under theSectoral Operational Programme on Transport (SOPT). - The basic parametersare: time horizon; improvement of capacity after implementationof the selected type of ERTMS/ETCS; percentage of average increase of traffic on annualbasis; results of costs-benefit analysis and investments needed.

  48. Interoperability as a key to a European network: the ERTMS • The National Plan of the Republic of Bulgaria for introduction of ERTMS (December 2010)

  49. Interoperability as a key to a European network: the ERTMS Thank you for your attention! George Popov State expert Republic of Bulgaria Ministry of Transport, Information Technology and Communication E-mail: gpopov@mtitc.government.bg Tel.: +359 2 940 94 96

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