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The Home Front

The Home Front. The Home Front: USSR. The Soviet Union. WWII known as “Great Patriotic War” in USSR Citizens experienced war 1 st Hand when Germany invaded USSR. The Soviet Union (cont.). Leningrad Put under siege by German Army for 900 days Citizens had to eat dogs &

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The Home Front

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  1. The Home Front

  2. The Home Front: USSR

  3. The Soviet Union WWII known as “Great Patriotic War” in USSR Citizens experienced war 1st Hand when Germany invaded USSR

  4. The Soviet Union (cont.) • Leningrad • Put under siege by German Army for 900 days • Citizens had to eat dogs & cats to survive • 1.5 million citizens died before siege ended

  5. USSR: War Production USSR lost vast areas of territory to Germany during 1st few months of WWII Stalin ordered factories dismantled & relocated to interior (W. of Ural Mts.) Machines placed on bare ground until walls could be built around them

  6. USSR: War Production (cont.) • “Battle of Machines”: widespread call for military & industrialization of USSR • By end of war, USSR produced: • 78k T-34 tanks • 98k artillery pieces

  7. USSR: War Production (cont.) But… Emphasis on military goods, caused citizens to experience severe food and housing shortages

  8. USSR: Role of Women Women worked in industry, mines, & RRs Women also helped defend country (dug anti-tank ditches & served as air-raid wardens) Also served in combat (e.g. pilots)

  9. Home Front: The USA

  10. The United States Citizens did not experience war 1st - hand (US not invaded) One exception…

  11. The USA: War Production Production of consumer goods (e.g. automobiles) cut in favor of war production (e.g. tanks) citizens encouraged to help war effort by participating in collection drives (e.g. scrap iron, bacon grease, victory gardens, etc.)

  12. The USA: War Production (cont.) “Arsenal of Democracy” By end of war, US had produced most of the war materials used by Allies

  13. The USA: War Production (cont.) • By 1943: • Produced 6 ships per day • 96k planes per year

  14. The USA: War Production (cont.) Costs of production… 1) Housing shortages While new factories were built to increase war production, there was a shortage of housing & schools for workers

  15. USA: Role of Women Women worked in factories, ship yards, etc. Also served in all branches of military (e.g. nurses), but not active combat

  16. Status Check #1 What Sovietcity was put under siege by German forces for 900 days? A) Moscow B) Kursk C) Leningrad D) Murmansk

  17. Status Check #2 Both the United States and the USSR favored the production of ________ goods in order to win the war. A) Consumer B) War C) Non-perishable D) All of the above

  18. Status Check #3 In ________, women not only helped defend the country, but also served in active combat in the military. A) United States B) USSR C) United Arab Emirates D) Germany

  19. Home Front: Germany

  20. Germany Hitler ordered factories to continue to produce consumer goods (e.g. clothing) w/o increasing war production Germany able to produce large amts of both early in war due to getting new resources from defeated countries (e.g. France)

  21. Germany: War Production But by1942, Germany was beginning to lose (especially in USSR) Hitler ordered massive increase in war production & cut in consumer goods Result: Germany able to triple production of war materials even w/ continued Allied bombing

  22. Germany: Role of Women Before WWII: Women encouraged by Nazis as only being responsible for raising children During WWII: women encouraged by Nazis to work in factories (most men fighting the war)

  23. Germany: Role of Women (cont.) Now ok to work, but… Most women didn’t want to work in factories So… War production did not increase enough to keep up w/ war losses

  24. Home Front: Japan

  25. Japan Economy was fully controlled by the gov’t/military Gov’t controlled prices, wages, labor, & resources (e.g. factories) Citizens were encouraged to sacrifice own resources & lives (Kamikaze) for the country

  26. Japan: Role of Women General Hideki Tojo (PM) opposed female employment While female employment increased in some industries (e.g. textiles), but Japan brought in forced labor (e.g. Koreans) to fill other jobs

  27. Status Check #4 Unlike the United States and the USSR, the German home front A) Allowed women to serve in the military B) Attempted to produce both consumer and war goods C) Viewed women as merely responsible for raising children D) Both B and C

  28. Status Check #5 In order to address labor shortages during the war, Japan A. developed new production methods. B. allowed women to hold jobs from which they had previously been banned. C. brought in Korean and Chinese laborers. D. forced workers to work double and sometimes even triple shifts.

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