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Global South's Journey to Independence: Empires, Struggles, and Experiments

Discover the pivotal moments of the Global South's fight for independence, from the fall of empires to economic development debates. Explore cases like India and South Africa's liberation struggles and experiments with political order and economic growth.

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Global South's Journey to Independence: Empires, Struggles, and Experiments

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  1. CHAPTER 22 The End of Empire: The Global South on the Global Stage 1914–present

  2. I. Toward Freedom: Struggles for Independence A. The End of Empire in World History 1. Mobilization of the masses around nationalist ideology 2. Fall of many empires in the twentieth century

  3. I. Toward Freedom: Struggles for Independence B. Explaining African and Asian Independence 1. Explanations for imperial collapse in 1900 2. Independence contested everywhere

  4. II. Comparing Freedom Struggles A. The Case of India: Ending British Rule 1. Cultural identity primarily local before 1900 2. British rule promoted growing sense of Indian identity 3. 1885: establishment of Indian National Congress (INC)

  5. II. Comparing Freedom Struggles A. The Case of India: Ending British Rule 4. Mohandas Gandhi (1869-1948) 5. Gandhi embraced effort to mobilize women 6. Those who disagreed with Gandhi 7. Independence in 1947: Pakistan and India 8. 1948: Hindu extremist assassinated Gandhi

  6. II. Comparing Freedom Struggles A. The Case of South Africa: Ending Apartheid 1. Freedom from Great Britain in 1910 2. Mature industrial economy by early 1900s 3. African National Congress (ANC) founded in 1912

  7. II. Comparing Freedom Struggles A. The Case of South Africa: Ending Apartheid 4. Underground nationalist leaders 5. Growing international pressure 6. Negotiations began in the late 1980s 7. 1994: national elections brought the ANC to power

  8. III. Experiments with Freedom A. Experiments in Political Order: Party, Army, and the Fate of Democracy 1. Conditions prevented establishment of political order 2. Variety of government types used 3. Western-style democracy succeeded in India

  9. III. Experiments with Freedom A. Experiments in Political Order: Party, Army, and the Fate of Democracy 4. Democracy more fragile elsewhere 5. Various arguments as to why Africans initially rejected democracy 6. Widespread economic disappointment for early African democracies 7. Well-educated elite benefitted most

  10. III. Experiments with Freedom B. Experiments in Economic Development: Changing Priorities, Varying Outcomes 1. Belief that poverty isn’t inevitable 2. Expectation for states to spur economic development 3. Debate over shielding economy 4. Urban vs. rural development 5. Debate over foreign aid, investment, and trade 6. Degree of economic development varied by region

  11. III. Experiments with Freedom C. Experiments with Culture: The Role of Islam in Turkey and Iran 1. Relationship between Western-style modernity and tradition 2. The case of Islam 3. Turkey 4. Iran

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