Ceramic Tile Murals

1. Ceramic Tile Murals

2. Brief History of Tile-Making • Tile-work can be seen everywhere, including hospital surgery rooms, subway stations, kitchens and building facades. • Tiles and tile-work have a long and rich decorative history that spans all areas of the globe. • Early decorative works date back as far as 4000 years. Florida Kitchen Design Inc. New York Subway Hallway Building Facade Manhattan NY.

3. Abby Church, Meraux England 1249 • Tile-making was influenced by movement along major land and sea trade routes, which encouraged the exchange of ideas and materials. • Wars, political unrest, and religion all played their part in the blending of technologies, aesthetics, and cultural influences in ceramic tile-making. Palace of Persepolis 518 B.C. Azulejo Mexico 17th A.D. Queen Philippa’s Apartment Wiltshire England 1237 Ishtar Gate Babylon 575 B.C.

4. Chinese Porcelains were introduced into Persia and the West with far-reaching effects. Tang Dynasty (A.D. 618-906) • In order to imitate Chinese Porcelains, the Persians first developed a white tin- based glaze to mask the red clay, and then used a technique of applying oxides to produce brightly colored intricate designs. • This decorating technique spread throughout Europe, Africa and later into the Americas. This process is now called Majolica, Faïence or Delftware depending on the region where it is made. Yuan Dynasty 14 A.D. France, 1542 Persian Tile, 1266-67 Minai Type Bowl 1187 A.D. Damascus 1550-97

5. Throughout the Renaissance and Post Renaissance Majolica and other forms of tile work flourished Spain, 1929 France, 1542 Italy, early Renaissance Naples, 1742 • During the industrial revolution tile production and decoration reflected the technological and socio-economic changes in Europe • The rising increase of the middle classes fueled the decorative advances in ceramic tile. Finland 1825

6. Tile work experienced a heyday in the Victorian period and Gothic Revival of the late 1800s. • Arts and Crafts artists like William Morris and William De Morgan created many designs for tiles. Gothic Revival Tiles Gijsbert De Graaaf 1765 William De Morgan 1888 William Morris 1876 • Émigrés from Europe brought commercial tile production to the U. S. William De Morgan 1888

7. The Arts and Crafts Movement and tile-making played a major part in shaping modern American design. Clay Craft Potteries 1921 Painted By Margret Thompson 1922

8. Modern Tile Movement Hand made and fine art tile is still produced today for Utilitarian and decorative use. Motawi Tileworks Motawi Tileworks Pewabic Pottery Pewabic Pottery Motawi Tileworks

9. Artists Works Ascalon Studios NY,NY • Many contemporary artists perpetuate the history of tile by creating murals with this malleable, permanent medium. San Francisco Airport Mural Blue Sky Center C.O.

10. Diana Faris Diana Faris Ann Agee, John Michael Kohler Arts Center Richard Watts Jean Rothschild

11. School Projects • Many school art programs undertake the lesson of creating tile murals for the school building or other public spaces. Like no other project the public mural helps students learn about collaboration and teamwork and is a unique all-school experience where students, parents, faculty and administrators come together to complete the project. Beth Hoke Vermillion High School Lausanne Switzerland Vermillion High School Scott Ansett Tacoma High School Roseway Waldorf School, Zwalulu Natal South Africa

12. Canterbury School Allisonville Elementary School Kids in Clay Venice C.A.

13. Underglaze Pencils, Chalks, Pan Sets and Liquid form Use with a high or low fire glaze on top underglazes are true to raw form and intermixable just like traditional media. Expand the range of 2-D design work on ceramics with chalks, pencils, watercolor pan sets and liquid form. Richard Zakin: Underglazes and Chalks Chris Dance: Pencils and Velvets S. Pelletier: Pencils Noelle Hoover: Pencils and Pan Sets Unknown: Chalks and Pencils

14. Ron Korczynski: GDCs over white glaze Carolina Pedraza: GDCs over AMACO LG-11 White glaze Carol and Richard Selfridge: GDCs over white glaze Linda Arbuckle: GDCs over white glaze

15. David Stabley: GDCs over AMACO White Arroya over DG-1 Black Lacquer glaze Diana Faris: GDCs over AMACO HF-11 High Fire White glaze Noelle Hoover: GDCs over pre-glazed commercial blue tile Walter Ostram: GDCs over AMACO LM-1 Black Matt glaze

16. Tile Project • You will create a 5.5 x 5.5” tile about a theme of your choice. • You must have additive and subtractive qualities

17. GDC and Majolica Processes Developed to facilitate the process of Majolica decoration, this easy to use and highly versatile medium is wonderfully suited to creating tile murals. AMACO GDC series can be used as an underglaze, a glaze alone, for Majolica overglaze decoration and even over commercialpreglazed tiles. ... Colors can be intermixed like paint and can be applied opaque or thinned with water to achieve watercolor affects

18. References and Resources “1000 Tiles, Ten Centuries of Decorative Ceramics” General editor: Gordon Lang, Contributors: Paul Atterbury, Catherine Blake, Chris Blanchett, Douglas Girton, Riccardo Sorani. “Tile”, by Jill Herbers with Photographs by Roy Write Resources: Pewabic Pottery, Detoit, MI – www.pewabic.com Motawi Tileworks, Ann Arbor, MI - www.motawi.com Moravian Tileworks, Doylestown, PA - www.mptw.go.to Tile Heritage Foundation - www.tileheritage.org For information on products and technical support go to: www.amaco.com