100 Years’ War

1. 100 Years’ War By: Mallory Rasmussen and Emily Shull

2. Background • Lasted from1337-1453 • The conflict was punctuated by several periods of peace • Ended in the expulsion of the Plantagenets from France • Divided into four phases • Due to national famines, epidemics, and civil wars the French population was reduced by one half

3. Main Cause • England and France were long rivals • First set of conflicts was sparked by the death of the King of France Charles IV • Died without a male heir and England’s King Edward II was next to inherit the throne- nephew of Charles • French didn’t want an English ruler • Phillip IV became ruler (cousin of Charles)

4. Major Battles • Battle of Crecy (1346): French snuck up and attacked, failed to plan attack; English had decisive victory • Battle of Poitiers (1356): French attack and are almost successful until English break their battle line. English capture John II (French king) and 2,000 other French soldiers and hold for ransom (about 1/3 of French GNP). • Battle of La Rochelle (1372): naval battle, French take control of English Channel making it impossible for English to reinforce.

5. Major Battles Continued • Battle of Agincourt (1417): decisive English victory, French retreat after third battle line sees all their dead soldiers. French: 20,000 vs. English: 6,000 • Siege of Orleans (1428-1429): turning point of 100 Years’ War. French’s decisive victory, gained the upper-hand.

6. Joan of Arc • born January 6, 1412 in Domremy • Reported she had visual and verbal visions of saints and angels which she could see and touch • St. Catherine, St. Margaret, the Archangel Michael, occasionally Gabriel • 1428: the saints told Joan to venture to France to drive out English and Burgundians • Was a French peasant who led the French forces to victory over the English in the siege of Orléans

7. Joan of Arc

8. Hundred Years’ War

9. Results • Each Kingdom emerged from the Hundred Years’ war transformed • With the desire of peace and order the English found strong monarchs in the Tudors- helped England expand • The French took longer to recover

10. End the Middle Ages • battles for new territory and power raged on in Middle Ages History • The History of the Middle Ages covers the major historical events which occurred during the period from 1066 - 1485

11. King of France, Charles IV King of England, Edward II

12. Phillip IV (King of France)

13. Citations • http://staff.esuhsd.org/dayd/ap_euro/chapter_11/maps/maps_11.html • http://www.paradoxplace.com/Insights/100%20Years%20War/100%20Years%20War.htm • http://www.dipity.com/TheRealTray/Hundred-Years-War/ • http://ancienthistory.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/592286?terms=Hundred+Years%27+War • http://web.cn.edu/kwheeler/Hundred_Years.html • http://archive.joan-of-arc.org/joanofarc_short_biography.html • http://academic.shu.edu/libraries/gallery/arc-Joan_of_Arc_Engraving.jpg • http://www.middle-ages.org.uk/middle-ages-history.htm • http://www.cyber-hobby.com/shop/index.php?main_page=product_info&products_id=4215 • http://www.1st-art-gallery.com/Sir-John-Gilbert/The-Morning-Of-The-Battle-Of-Agincourt.html • http://www.czech-accommodation.net/charles-iv.php • http://www.internetstones.com/gogibus-pearl-pear-shaped-126-carats-west-indies-sold-francois-gogibus-to-philip-iv-of-spain.html • http://stjoanofarcbooks.com/default.aspx