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Please have out “notes on exhibits” Packet

Please have out “notes on exhibits” Packet TODAY: review key information on Unit 11, the Roaring Twenties TO HAND IN TOMORROW: “Roaring Twenties” Quiz Notes on Exhibits Packet. Today…. Whole class discussion on 20’s (look ma, “no hands”) Start quiz… due tomorrow. (I) 1920 Election.

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Please have out “notes on exhibits” Packet

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  1. Please have out“notes on exhibits” Packet • TODAY: review key information on Unit 11, the Roaring Twenties • TO HAND IN TOMORROW: • “Roaring Twenties” Quiz • Notes on Exhibits Packet

  2. Today….. • Whole class discussion on 20’s • (look ma, “no hands”) • Start quiz… due tomorrow

  3. (I) 1920 Election • Harding (Republican) promises return to “normalcy” • After Progressivism, World War I • People tired of reforms, war • Big Republican victory

  4. Coolidge Presidency • “The business of America is business” • Pro-business, free-enterprise policies: • Deregulation of businesses (laissez- faire) • Lower taxes • Higher tariffs Cool Calvin Coolidge: “The business of America Is business” Harding- Dies in office 1923

  5. (I) Farmers suffer • During WWI- demand UP, prices UP • Farmers borrow $ to expand & mechanize • Go into debt • Post-WWI- demand & prices down • OVERPRODUCTION & UNDERCONSUMPTION

  6. “Mass Consumption”: Economic BOOM • Americans become richest people on Earth • Industry doubles 1923-1929 • CONSUMER GOODS INDUSTRY leads the way: • Refrigerators, radios, phonographs, vacuums, cars

  7. American’s love of debt begins • Installment buying- buying on credit • Buy now, pay later Modern advertising begins

  8. Stock market speculation • “Bull market”- stocks soaring • Ordinary people buy stocks “on margin” • Pay 10% of stock • Borrow the rest • If up, make a profit • If down, ….uh-oh

  9. Affordable Automobiles • Henry Ford- Assembly line, efficiency • By 1924, price drops to $290 • Not just the rich can afford

  10. Impact on economy • Oil, steel, glass, rubber, etc. needed • Roads, gas stations, tourism, restaurants, hotels grow • Other industries copy assembly line

  11. Social impacts • World “smaller” • 1st suburbs- can drive to work, school, etc. • World “opened” up in rural areas…

  12. Phonograph “Mass culture” • Radio- families gather around each night listening to shows • >10 million by 1929

  13. Movies! • Movies- Hollywood is born! • Silent movies at first • Charlie Chaplin- biggest star 1927- The Jazz Singer- first “talkie”

  14. “Heroes” • Mass media creates heroes • Sports- Babe Ruth • Biggest of decade- Charles Lindbergh • Flies “Spirit of St. Louis” across Atlantic

  15. Writers • Critical of conformity and materialism of America • Ernest Hemingway • F Scott Fitzgerald

  16. Harlem Renaissance • African American musicians, artists, and writers in Harlem (NYC) • Celebration of Afr-Am heritage • African American writers and musicians recognized by “white” America • Langston Hughes- poet

  17. From “My People” The night is so beautiful, So the faces of my people. The stars are beautiful, So the eyes of my people. Beautiful, also, is the sun. Beautiful, also, are the souls of my people. -Langston Hughes (“New Negro”- PRIDE in separate African American culture, identity)

  18. Jazz • Up from New Orleans- African roots • Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington JAZZ

  19. Racial Tensions in the North • Great Migration- Afr. Ams. In northern cities • Race riots throughout north (Chicago- 38 dead)

  20. Marcus Garvey • Starts “Back to Africa” movement • Promote Afr. Am. business • “Us v. Them”- racial pride • “BLACK POWER”

  21. Flappers • New type of woman: young, rebellious, fun loving and bold. - short hair or bobbed - short skirts - tight clothing - makeup - drinking and smoking in public

  22. 1920s- women in politics • 1920- 19th Amdmt.- women voting • Crusade for “Equal Rights Amendment” • Never happens Women asking Pres. Harding to support Equal Rights Amendment

  23. Women at work- 1920s • After WWI, women leave factories • More middle class than ever in work force in new economy • Teachers, typists, secretaries, store clerks • 1st doctors, lawyers (very few)

  24. Women at home- 1920s • Buy ready made clothes, not fabric • Housework easier… • Elec. refrigerators, irons, washers, vacuums • But… • Ironically, often work even harder • Men expect it, even if wife working

  25. Prohibition, the “noble experiment” • 18th amendment, 1920 • “…the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors…is hereby prohibited.”

  26. Why Prohibition? • Drinking is unhealthy. • Drinking is “immoral”. • Men waste money instead of providing for their families. “Temperance” reform for nearly 100 years before Prohibition Women’s Christian Temperance Union

  27. "Daddy's in there. Our shoes, and stockings and clothes and food are in there, too, and they'll never come out."

  28. Effects of Prohibition • Very difficult to enforce- unpopular in cities • Bootlegging – making or smuggling alcohol in the U. S. • Speakeasies – Illegal bars • flourished in the cities

  29. Organized Crime • “Mafia” like gangs control the distribution of alcohol • Bootleggers expanded into gambling, prostitution, and racketeering.

  30. Al Capone- Chicago • Nickname “Scarface” • Made $60 million per year from bootlegging alone • Bribed police and city officials • Convicted of tax evasion and sent to prison in 1931

  31. Repeal of Prohibition • Why? • People still drinking • Creates disrespect for the law • ½ arrests involve Prohibition by mid-20s • 1933- 21st amendment repeals the 18th

  32. The Red Scare/ Palmer Raids • Hunt for communists, socialists and anarchists • Invaded homes, searched offices, jailed people, deported 1000s of foreign born radicals

  33. The Red Scare- 1919,20- thousands of radicals arrested; foreigners deported- Wall Street bombed Attorney General Palmer’s home bombed

  34. Sacco and Vanzetti- two Italian immigrants, admitted anarchists • Arrested 1920- Braintree, robbery &murder • Convicted and sentenced to death with limited evidence • Symbol of anti-foreign feelings in America

  35. The New Ku Klux Klan • Huge in the 1920s • Anti immigration, Catholic, Jewish, as well as black

  36. Limiting Immigration • Post- WWI, millions more Europeans want to come to America • Rise to Nativism (anti-foreigners) in 20s; Why • wages will be forced down • Anarchists, communists will get in

  37. Immigrant Quota Acts- 1921, 24 • Certain # of immigrants from each country • NW Europe- yes! E & S Europe, Japan- no! • Coolidge: “America must be kept American”

  38. Relative proportions of immigrants from Northwestern Europe (red) and Southeastern Europe (blue) in the decades before and after the immigration restriction legislation.

  39. Scopes Monkey Trial- SCIENCE VERSUS RELIGION • 1925- fight over evolution being taught in schools • conflict between rural/ urban; modern/ traditional Clarence Darrow William J. Bryan

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