S and p wave lab: P waves have a higher velocity.

1. S and p wave lab: P waves have a higher velocity.

2. What we also found out

3. Epicenter lab

4. Volcanos, Tsunamis and Fault Block mountains http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CgpNqrR318U

5. Convergent Plate Boundaries • Creates the “Pacific Ring of Fire”: boundary of the Pacific plate- • area of earthquakes , volcanoes and tsunamis

6. Cinder Cones: Lava falls as cinders Paricutin in Mexico: Farmer got a surprise. Cinder Cone cut away

7. Composite Volcanos Vesuvius, Krakatoa, Fujiyama, and Mount St. Helens They consist of layers of solid lava flows mixed with layers of sand- or gravel-like volcanic rock called cinders or volcanic ash.

8. Violent Volcanoes Mt. ST. Helens and Pinatubo

9. Clip of Mt. St. Helens http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bgRnVhbfIKQ

10. Impressive extinct volcano: Mt. Fuji in Japan

11. Shield Volcano • This type of volcano can be hundreds of miles across and many tens of thousands of feet high.

12. Hot Spot Volcanoes: Hawaii • The slow movement of a Tectonic Plate across a "fixed" hot spot deep beneath the surface of the planet • Hot magma escapes to the surface and becomes lava. • Lava builds up over time and forms an Island

13. Lava is thrown out of the Ocean and builds an island. :Hawaiian Volcanohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=488BkTUsMa4

14. Tsunami A tsunami is made up of a series of travelling ocean waves of extremely long wavelength. They are triggered by large disturbances such as earthquakes, undersea volcanic eruptions or deep sea landslides. Figure 1 below shows the amplitude, trough and crest of a tsunami wave in relation to the sea floor and still water level. Note how the wave shape changes and the height increases as it approaches the coastline

15. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qlLnGi5rong&feature=related

16. Himalayas : folding (bending) and faulting (breaking) On Land: Folding and Faulting Mountains

17. Convergent Plate Boundaries • Folding and faulting: • Where colliding plates bend, break and force the Earth’s crust upward • Idaho’s Sawtooth Mountains • Cliff in the Virginia Appalachians

18. Folded Diagram Fold mountains are the most common type of mountain. The world’s largest mountain ranges are fold mountains. These ranges were formed over millions of years. Fold mountains are formed when two plates collide head on, and their edges crumbled, much the same way as a piece of paper folds when pushed together.

19. Examples Appalachian Mountains: Once attached to the Atlas Mts in Morocco The Himalayan Mountains were formed when India crashed into Asia and pushed up the tallest mountain range on the continents. In South America, the Andes Mountains were formed by the collision of the South American continental plate and the oceanicPacific plate.

20. Fault Block the Sierra Nevada mountains in North America Diagram These mountains form when faults or cracks in the earth's crust force some materials or blocks of rock up and others down. Instead of the earth folding over, the earth's crust fractures (pulls apart). It breaks up into blocks or chunks. Sometimes these blocks of rock move up and down, as they move apart and blocks of rock end up being stacked on one another.