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Black cockle (Anadara spp.) fisheries co-management and aquaculture in Nicaragua

Black cockle (Anadara spp.) fisheries co-management and aquaculture in Nicaragua. Maria Haws, University of Hawaii Hilo Nelvia Hernandez, Juan Ramon Bravo, Carlos Rivas LeClair, Erick Sandoval, Eufrasia Balladares, Central American University (UCA), Nicaragua

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Black cockle (Anadara spp.) fisheries co-management and aquaculture in Nicaragua

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  1. Black cockle (Anadara spp.) fisheries co-management and aquaculture in Nicaragua Maria Haws, University of Hawaii Hilo Nelvia Hernandez, Juan Ramon Bravo, Carlos Rivas LeClair, Erick Sandoval, Eufrasia Balladares, Central American University (UCA), Nicaragua Brian Crawford, Coastal Resources Center, University of Rhode Island

  2. Black or blood cockles • Anadara similis* • Anadara tuberculosa* • Anadara grandis • Cockles and other shellfish are heavily relied upon by coastal residents, but often poorly regulated or unregulated • 4 month closed season-ineffective • 46.8 million collected annually • Average price $1.50/dozen

  3. Important food and revenue source Important protein source for women, children and elderly Sole income source for thousands Stocks rapidly declining Patchy enforcement, often penalizes poor residents who depend on resource

  4. Study siteAserradores Estuary, Nicaragua

  5. Supports management of Nicaragua’s five marine protected areas (4500 km2)

  6. Primary threats to mangroves: • Coastal development • Firewood/Building material

  7. Previous work • Water quality monitoring for shellfish sanitation -heavily contaminated collection areas (2005-2006) • Depuration trials (lab and field)-fecal coliforms purged in ~48 hrs. (2005-2007) • Community no-take zones -successful in restoring populations (2005-present) • Preliminary marketing/value chain analysis (2007-2010)

  8. No-take zones were effective-building on achievements

  9. Monitoring results from no-take zones

  10. Current goals • Continue to monitor co-management results • Expand to other estuaries • Depuration • Improve local food security • Improve seafood sanitation • Add value through certifcation and processing • Increase revenues to households, particularly for women heads of households • Link to mangrove and fisheries management

  11. Current goals 1. Value chain analysis

  12. Current goals 2. Activate depuration center and train community operators 3. Certify depurated product 4.Test value-added products

  13. Assessing the needs for cockle fisheries management and aquaculture

  14. Results-Market Study • 1600-2000 collectors • Collect 60-120 cockles/day • Average consumption: 24 cockles/month • 46.8 million collected annually • 45 mm average size (below legal size for A.similis and above legal size for A. tuberculosa) • 20% lost to decomposition • 10-20% may be illegally exported • No shellfish sanitation

  15. Monthly extraction rates (% of annual catch) Legal closed season

  16. Extraction rates by site ~50,000 per day per site

  17. Marketing channels

  18. Condition in which product is sold

  19. Perceptions of shellfish sanitation

  20. Prices ($US)

  21. Stakeholder perception of price

  22. Willingness to pay more (%)consolidators, vendors, restaurants

  23. Depuration Center • Powered by solar panels • Freshwater is catchment • Seawater is from estuary • Operated by a group of local residents • Intensive training in food handling and HACCP provided

  24. Depuration capacity in comparison to harvest rate • Total cockle population in Asseradores Estuary: 70,910,811 • Percentage that can be legally harvested: 11% (7,800,189) • Actual daily harvest: 1200 cockles/day (438,000/yr) • Current depuration capacity: 1300/ 5 days • If municipal electricity is added: 3,600/ 2 days

  25. Improved community health and revenues

  26. Funding for this research was provided by theCOLLABORATIVE RESEARCH SUPPORT PROGRAM The AquaFish CRSP is funded in part by United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Cooperative Agreement No. EPP-A-00-06-00012-00and by US and Host Country partners. The contents of this presentation do not necessarily represent an official position or policy of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). Mention of trade names or commercial products in this presentation does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use on the part of USAID or the AquaFish Collaborative Research Support Program. The accuracy, reliability, and originality of the work presented are the responsibility of the individual authors.

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