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A Web Service to personalise Map Colouring

A Web Service to personalise Map Colouring. Joerg Steinruecken Department of Geoinformation Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformation University of Bonn. Motivation. World Wide Web offers geospatial data from many different sources „Mapping on Demand“: Creating maps in real time

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A Web Service to personalise Map Colouring

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  1. A Web Service to personalise Map Colouring Joerg Steinruecken Department of Geoinformation Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformation University of Bonn A Web Service to personalise Map Colouring

  2. Motivation • World Wide Web offers geospatial data from many different sources • „Mapping on Demand“: Creating maps • in real time • by combining data from different sources • for individual purposes • independent of time and place • Problems: • Portrayal of data from different sources conflict A Web Service to personalise Map Colouring

  3. Personalisierung Befragung Legend Tour 1 Tour 2 Tour 3 Tour 4 Tour 5 Tour 6 Tour 7 A Web Service to personalise Map Colouring

  4. Motivation • World Wide Web offers geospatial data from many different sources • „Mapping on Demand“: Creating maps • in real time • by combining data from different sources • for individual purposes • independent of time and place • Problems: • Portrayal of data from different sources conflict • Perceptibility is influenced by • Users‘ visual system (colour vision impairment) • Outer effects • Device specific colour reproduction • Environment (e.g. dark room or sunlight) A Web Service to personalise Map Colouring

  5. Stating the problem • Given • Background: Topographical Map which has a fixed graphical representation • Overlay: Objects O1 … On which can be portrayed by users • Searching portrayal options of objects O1 … On • Postulations • Conciseness: Visual distinguishability • of objects O1 … On among each other • of objects O1 … On from the topographic map • for all users and on all devices • Solution „on demand“ • Access without technical barriers A Web Service to personalise Map Colouring

  6. Outer Frame • Service-oriented architecture • Geospatial data provided by standardised services • Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) Web Map Service (WMS) Specification • OGC Symbology Encoding (SE) / Styled Layer Descriptor (SLD) Specification A Web Service to personalise Map Colouring

  7. Statement • Portrayal • Options: Visual variables • Most important variable: Colour • Problem of distinguishability is reduced to the identification of well distinguishable colours • Colours are adjusted to a specific user and his device • Colours provided by a Web Service A Web Service to personalise Map Colouring

  8. Stating the problem with colours • Given • Background: Topographical Map which contains m colours • Overlay: Objects O1 … On which can be portrayed by users • Searching n colours for objects O1 … On • Postulations • Conciseness: Visual distinguishability • of colours of objects O1 … On among each other • of colours of objects O1 … On from the colours of the topographic map • for all users and on all devices • Solution „on demand“ • Access without technical barriers A Web Service to personalise Map Colouring

  9. Architecture Domain Client Server Browser Webserver Proxy Web Map Client Server Server (SLD-)WMS Webserver (Service) Colouring Personali-sation Geodata User Data A Web Service to personalise Map Colouring

  10. Architecture - Personalisation Domain Client Server Browser Webserver Proxy Web Map Client Server Server (SLD-)WMS Webserver (Service) Colouring Personali-sation Geodata User Data A Web Service to personalise Map Colouring

  11. Personalisation • Creation of user profiles (user name, password,…) • Getting personal data • Colour vision impairment • specified by users • Users have to evaluate test images • Display‘s colour reproduction and ambient light • Display calibrated? • Visual calibration by gamma adjustment • Users have to evaluate test images A Web Service to personalise Map Colouring

  12. Architecture – Map request Domain Client Server Browser Webserver Proxy Web Map Client Server Server (SLD-)WMS Webserver (Service) Colouring Personali-sation Geodata User Data A Web Service to personalise Map Colouring

  13. Architecture – Map request Domain Client Server Browser Webserver Proxy Web Map Client Web Map Client Server Server (SLD-)WMS Webserver (Service) Colouring Personali-sation Geodata User Data A Web Service to personalise Map Colouring

  14. Architecture – Map request Domain Client Server Browser Webserver Proxy Web Map Client Web Map Client WMS-URL WMS-URL Server Server (SLD-)WMS Webserver (Service) Colouring Personali-sation Geodata User Data A Web Service to personalise Map Colouring

  15. Architecture – Map request Domain Client Server Browser Webserver Proxy Web Map Client Web Map Client Server Server GetCapabilties (SLD-)WMS Webserver (Service) Colouring Personali-sation Geodata User Data A Web Service to personalise Map Colouring

  16. Architecture – Map request Domain Client Server Browser Webserver Proxy Web Map Client Web Map Client Server Server (SLD-)WMS Webserver (Service) Colouring SE Personali-sation Geodata User Data A Web Service to personalise Map Colouring

  17. Architecture – Map request Domain Client Server Browser Webserver Proxy Web Map Client Web Map Client SE-URL SE-URL Server Server (SLD-)WMS Webserver (Service) Colouring SE Personali-sation Geodata User Data A Web Service to personalise Map Colouring

  18. Architecture – Map request Domain Client Server Browser Webserver Proxy Web Map Client Web Map Client GetMap Server Server (SLD-)WMS Webserver (Service) Colouring SE Personali-sation Geodata User Data A Web Service to personalise Map Colouring

  19. Architecture – Map request Domain Client Server Browser Webserver Proxy Web Map Client Web Map Client GetMap Server Server SLD=SE-URL (SLD-)WMS Webserver (Service) Colouring SE Personali-sation Geodata User Data A Web Service to personalise Map Colouring

  20. Architecture – Map request Domain Client Server Browser Webserver Proxy Web Map Client Web Map Client Server Server (SLD-)WMS Webserver (Service) Colouring Personali-sation Geodata User Data A Web Service to personalise Map Colouring

  21. Approach of colouring Visual Distinguishability Colour space, providing an appropriate metric(visual equidistance) Modelling the colour space: 3D-Polyhedron Formulation of an optimisation problem:Maximise the minimal distance between colours Solution on demand A Web Service to personalise Map Colouring

  22. Process of colouring sRGB Standard-RGB A Web Service to personalise Map Colouring

  23. Process of colouring XYZ sRGB CIE-XYZ colour space A Web Service to personalise Map Colouring

  24. Process of colouring XYZ CIELUV sRGB CIE L* u* v* colour space A Web Service to personalise Map Colouring

  25. Process of colouring XYZ CIELUV MAXMIN sRGB A Web Service to personalise Map Colouring

  26. Process of colouring XYZ CIELUV MAXMIN sRGB A Web Service to personalise Map Colouring

  27. Optimisation problem maximise objective subject to constraints Set of m given colours Set of n colours which have to be determined Euclidean Distance Parameters of hyperplanes which formthe polyhedron A Web Service to personalise Map Colouring

  28. Problem characteristics • Nonlinear problem • Large number of local optimal solutions • Efficient algorithms find a locally optimal solution, but usually not the globally optimal solution Global Optimum Local Optima Rastrigins function (source: Matlab) A Web Service to personalise Map Colouring

  29. Behaviour of efficient algorithms Local Optimum Global Optimum Fundamental importance of starting points‘ location A Web Service to personalise Map Colouring

  30. Algorithm Finding appropriate starting points S1 Method of local optimisation S2 Detect suboptimal solutions S3 Nearly global optimal solution A Web Service to personalise Map Colouring

  31. S1: Appropriate starting points • Observation: To use the colour space in the best possible way, the majority of points have to lie on the polyhedron‘s boundary. • Conclusion: Points which are placed on the boundary are well suited as starting points A Web Service to personalise Map Colouring

  32. S3: Detect suboptimal solutions Given points Voronoi vertices intersection ofVoronoi edgesand polygon Vertices ofthe polygon • Find an improvement • Candidats are given by the Voronoi-Diagram • Example in 2D: A Web Service to personalise Map Colouring

  33. Personal information • Incorporation of users‘ personal information as constraints • Color vision impairment: Finding colours in a plane • Colour reproduction & ambient light: Clipping the colour space A Web Service to personalise Map Colouring

  34. Personalisierung Befragung Legend Tour 1 Tour 2 Tour 3 Tour 4 Tour 5 Tour 6 Tour 7 A Web Service to personalise Map Colouring

  35. Conclusions • Concise maps by selection of well distinguishable colours • Formulation of an optimisation problem • distinguishability = Euclidean distance • Efficient identification of a nearly optimal solution • Algorithm: Find appropriate starting points, local optimisation method, geometric evaluation • Adaptation to users‘ individual requirements • Usable as Web Service • Prototype will shortly be available on http://colour.ikg.uni-bonn.de A Web Service to personalise Map Colouring

  36. Thank you for your attention A Web Service to personalise Map Colouring

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