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Unit 4: The Industrial Revolution

Unit 4: The Industrial Revolution. During this unit, you will…. Know which innovations in industry helped shape the economics, religions, cultures and politics of the 18 th -20 th centuries.

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Unit 4: The Industrial Revolution

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  1. Unit 4: The Industrial Revolution

  2. During this unit, you will… Know which innovations in industry helped shape the economics, religions, cultures and politics of the 18th-20th centuries. Understand how industrialization transformed the societies and economics of the World and established the modern age. Develop an essay based on an outline or graphic organizer that describes the impact of industrialization on the world as a society and the individual.

  3. The Industrialized world begins • E.Q.s: • What happened in history to facilitate the Industrial revolution? • What resources are necessary in order for a country to industrialize? • How did early industrialization change society and culture?

  4. Main points: World population explosion during the 1700’s and 1800’s led to an increase in demand for materials Industrial goods using iron/steel become the basis for construction of society Invention of factories transform the way we live and work and increase the availability of material possessions Increase in industrialized society creates new ideas in politics and society to aid industrial workers

  5. How did industrialization begin? 1. It actually began on farms in Britain! • Enclosure • Fencing off land as your own= private property • New practices in the 1700’s: • 3 year rotation • JethroTull’s Seed Drill • Mass produced cast iron plows • Led to an increase in food supply

  6. The Enclosure Movement

  7. “Enclosed” Lands Today

  8. 2. Population Explosion! • Thanks to farms , the European population went from 120 million to 190 million in under 100 years. • Leads to an increased demand for necessities including construction and clothing

  9. 3. New technologies • Textile mills using water power • Use of coal for steam engines for mills, then factories

  10. Britain is the first industrial country • Britain had money to invest, resources (coal/iron) and people. • Population explosion • Increase in demand of goods • Movement of people to cities • Started making textile mills and factories • Labor source is now in cities

  11. The country was economically and politically prosperous. • Individuals started gaining capital. • The government was a constitutional monarchy. • Little gov’t influence • Individuals start their own industries

  12. Britain’s Infrastructure • Need: • A faster way to transport factory goods • Solutions: • Canals • Steam locomotives, and railroads

  13. US Canals

  14. Important inventors • James Hargreaves- invented the spinning jenny • Richard Arkwright- made the first waterframe

  15. Important inventors • George Stephenson- built steam powered locomotives • Robert Fulton- used a steamboat to travel up the Hudson River in 1807

  16. Fulton’s Steamboat: the Clermont

  17. Factories • Utilized water power at first • Coal becomes main industrial resource for factories • Steam power • Can be placed anywhere—mainly on the edge of towns

  18. Factories

  19. Foundries and Iron • A foundry is a factory that smelts and casts iron • Smelt • Cast • Bessemer Process http://videos.howstuffworks.com/discovery/31814-industrial-revelations-bessemer-converter-video.htm

  20. Coalbrookedale • In England • Considered to be the start of the Industrial Revolution • A Foundry that made pig iron http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jOcw7Z-xyyQ&feature=related

  21. Coalbrookedale by night

  22. Urbanization Mass movement of people to cities; major growth of cities

  23. Chicago

  24. Industrial Economics • Laissez-Faire • Keep government out of economics • Allows businesses and factories to maximize profits and compete with each other. • Stocks • A person owns a “piece” of a company. • Individuals invest in a company and rely on profit to earn money.

  25. Corporations form in the late 1800’s • Large companies where several factories are owned by one entity • Monopolies • When one company/factory controls the entire market for a specific good • Ex. Western Union, Standard Oil, U.S. Steel

  26. Culture/Society of early Industrialization • Child labor

  27. Children as young as 4 would be sent to work • Why send children to work?

  28. Why send children to work? • Dexterity • Size • Cheap labor • Family needs • Lots in supply

  29. Working class living • Tenements • Multi-level apartments and homes • “Shared sanitation and water” • Little or no education • Low parental involvement

  30. What were some problems in early industrialized nations?

  31. Life in the Industrial age • E.Q.s: • How successful were the economic, political, religious and social changes in the early 20th century to early industrial revolution society? • What contributions did individuals make in the business, politics and the arts?

  32. Religious Change: Methodism • John Wesley founded • Promoted personal sense of faith • Take responsibility for your religion • Read and study the Bible yourself – personal devotions • Created a hopeful outlook for the working classes

  33. World Manufacturing Output

  34. Henry Ford and the automobile • American automaker • Revolutionized industry by using two key ideas: • Interchangeable parts • Assembly line

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