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Aspects of linguistic competence 2 Sept 04, 2013 – dAY 4

Aspects of linguistic competence 2 Sept 04, 2013 – dAY 4. Brain & Language LING 4110-4890-5110-7960 NSCI 4110-4891-6110 Harry Howard Tulane Universit y. Course organization. The syllabus, these slides and my recordings are available at http ://www.tulane.edu/~howard/LING4110 /

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Aspects of linguistic competence 2 Sept 04, 2013 – dAY 4

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  1. Aspects of linguistic competence 2Sept 04, 2013 – dAY4 Brain & Language LING 4110-4890-5110-7960 NSCI 4110-4891-6110 Harry Howard Tulane University

  2. Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University Course organization • The syllabus, these slides and my recordings are available at http://www.tulane.edu/~howard/LING4110/ • Honors option • Measure your heads!

  3. Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University ReviewDesign features of language

  4. Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University Aspects of linguistic competence Ingram §2 Phonetics

  5. Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University Three systems involved in speech production Supralaryngeal Laryngeal Respiratory

  6. Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University Supralaryngeal system

  7. Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University How to represent these sounds • How do you pronounce this word? • “ghoti” • enough [f] • women [I] • solution [ʃ] • [fIʃ] • What can you conclude from this exercise? • the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)

  8. Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University

  9. Consonant featurespaired by voicing: voiceless ~ voiced Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University

  10. Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University What you should know • The places of articulation: • Bilabial, Labiodental, Interdental, Alveolar, Palatal, Velar, Glottal • The manners of articulation • Stop or Plosive, Nasal, Affricate, Fricative, Liquid, Glide or Semi-consonant • The two features for voicing, voiced and voiceless. • You don’t need to memorize all of the symbols.

  11. Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University

  12. Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University IPA English vowels

  13. Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University What you should know • The features • Vertical: front, middle, back • Horizontal: open or high, mid open, mid closed, closed or low. • You don’t need to memorize all of the symbols.

  14. Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University Summary • Standard written language is a distorted version of spoken language. • The IPA overcomes these distortions, and its organization tells us something about how speech is articulation. • But all this is just a description of speech. • The next step is to understand how speech is organized.

  15. Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University Aspects of linguistic competence Ingram §2 Phonology

  16. Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University How do you pronounce these words? [pʰ, tʰ, kʰ] - voiceless aspirated [p, t, k] - voiceless [p˺, t˺, k˺] - voiceless unreleased [b, d, g] - voiced [*b, *d, *g] - ungrammatical voiced [b, d, g] - voiced How many voiceless stops does English have? Can words be distinguished by aspiration or lack of release?

  17. Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University The answer is … these are phonemes; realm of phonology and distinctive features /p, t, k/ [pʰ, tʰ, kʰ] at the beginning of a syllable these are phones or allophones; realm of phonetics and non-distinctive features [p?, t?, k?] at the end of a word [p, t, k] everywhere else

  18. Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University NEXT TIME Ingram §2 Prosody – Do exercises that I will send you.

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