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Cable Handling

Electrical Conduit and Boxes. Objectives . List 4 types of electrical boxes or enclosuresList 4 types of conduitDescribe the concept of conduit capacity. Electrical Boxes. Electrical boxes vary in size and functionGanged boxesNEMA enclosuresPull boxesEquipment racks. Electrical Conduit. Conduit comes in various configurationEMT

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Cable Handling

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    1. Cable Handling

    2. Electrical Conduit and Boxes Preparation: Assemble examples of each type of conduit and electrical boxes to show students. Duration of this section: 5 minutes Preparation: Assemble examples of each type of conduit and electrical boxes to show students. Duration of this section: 5 minutes

    3. Objectives List 4 types of electrical boxes or enclosures List 4 types of conduit Describe the concept of conduit capacity Review the objectives. Review the objectives.

    4. Electrical Boxes Electrical boxes vary in size and function Ganged boxes NEMA enclosures Pull boxes Equipment racks Review each type of electrical box, and its purpose. Display an example as each are mentioned. Ganged box – can be connected with other similar boxes to create double, triple, etc. NEMA Enclosures - larger electrical box with knockouts used for pull boxes or mounts for special equipment or connections. Pull Boxes –long runs of conduit have intermediate pull boxes (every 100 feet) to enable installer to pull wire through. Also must be placed in turns, every 180 degrees. Equipment Racks – Electrical box for multiple components. Review each type of electrical box, and its purpose. Display an example as each are mentioned. Ganged box – can be connected with other similar boxes to create double, triple, etc. NEMA Enclosures - larger electrical box with knockouts used for pull boxes or mounts for special equipment or connections. Pull Boxes –long runs of conduit have intermediate pull boxes (every 100 feet) to enable installer to pull wire through. Also must be placed in turns, every 180 degrees. Equipment Racks – Electrical box for multiple components.

    5. Electrical Conduit Conduit comes in various configuration EMT – Electrical Metallic Tubing Also called ‘thinwall’ IMC – Intermediate Metal Conduit RMC – Rigid Metal Conduit PVC – Polyvinylchloride Note that the term “conduit” means “a pathway”. Note that conduit can be plastic or metal, round or square. Review the examples of conduit. Show examples of each during discussion. Identify any specific AV uses for specific types of conduit. Note that the term “conduit” means “a pathway”. Note that conduit can be plastic or metal, round or square. Review the examples of conduit. Show examples of each during discussion. Identify any specific AV uses for specific types of conduit.

    6. Conduit State that these photos show some examples of the types of conduit that AV installers will encounter at a jobsite. State that these photos show some examples of the types of conduit that AV installers will encounter at a jobsite.

    7. Electrical Conduit Conduit comes in various sizes ˝”, ľ”, 1”, 1-Ľ”, 1-˝”, 2”, 2-˝”, 3”, 4” For the “same size” conduit- EMT, IMC and RMC may have a different inside area Note that conduit is available in a wide range of sizes. Note that conduit is available in a wide range of sizes.

    8. Electrical Conduit Pull boxes are intermediate points within a long or complex conduit run Pull boxes should be installed: Any time there is greater than 180° of bends Over 100 foot run Note that pull boxes should be installed throughout the conduit runs to help installers pull cable through the conduits. Note that pull boxes should be installed throughout the conduit runs to help installers pull cable through the conduits.

    9. Electrical Conduit Conduit Capacity According to the N.E.C., there is a limit to how much cable can fit into a conduit. State that installers should consult the building code for the site to determine how much cable is allowed to be run through conduit within that jurisdiction. State that installers should consult the building code for the site to determine how much cable is allowed to be run through conduit within that jurisdiction.

    10. Plenum Spaces Ask if anyone can identify the term Plenum space refers to. Duration of this section: 2 minutes Ask if anyone can identify the term Plenum space refers to. Duration of this section: 2 minutes

    11. Plenum Spaces What is a plenum space? What we really want to discuss is the proper term: Return Air Plenum A Return Air Plenum is any enclosed area designed for circulating airflow within a building It is the opposite of a ducted return air system State that Plenum Spaces are areas, usually above the ceiling, that are used for circulating air within a structure. A return air plenum is used to reduce the amount of ductwork in a structure. State that Plenum Spaces are areas, usually above the ceiling, that are used for circulating air within a structure. A return air plenum is used to reduce the amount of ductwork in a structure.

    12. Plenum Spaces Why are return air plenums used in construction? Cost effective method Reduces expensive ductwork Saves space in the ceiling Note that Plenum designs result in more open space in ceiling for AV installation needs. Note that Plenum designs result in more open space in ceiling for AV installation needs.

    13. Plenum Spaces Why do we care? The N.E.C. limits the type of items that can be installed within a return air plenum space In case of fire within the ceiling, they do not want toxic smoke being circulated throughout the entire building The cabling we use can have jackets that would emit dangerous fumes if it were ignited Plenum rated cable designed for these spaces State that cables run through a Plenum space should be rated as Plenum cabling. Note that the ID “CMP” is used to identify Plenum cabling Refer to your cable manufacturer's catalog and note information for Plenum cab State that cables run through a Plenum space should be rated as Plenum cabling. Note that the ID “CMP” is used to identify Plenum cabling Refer to your cable manufacturer's catalog and note information for Plenum cab

    14. Plotting a Cable Route Duration of this section: 15 Minutes Duration of this section: 15 Minutes

    15. Plotting a Cable Route How do we install cable if there is no conduit? Ask students how cable should be installed if there is no conduit. Ask students how cable should be installed if there is no conduit.

    16. Plotting a Cable Route How do we install cable if there is no conduit? Cable must be supported by itself Not sharing suspension ceiling supports, etc. Bridle rings should be used Cable supports can be mounted to: Bar joists I-beams Wood trusses Slab mounted support wires (like ceiling) Review the installation points on the slide. Note that support loops can stress cable if not properly spaced. Review the installation points on the slide. Note that support loops can stress cable if not properly spaced.

    17. Plotting a Cable Route Avoid: EMI sources Difficult pathways Plot a pull on a floor plan Ask for students to identify examples of sources of EMI: fluorescent lights electrical cables Exercise: Ask students how they would run cable from one area to another. Discuss a plan for the wire run, including path, materials, other issues, etc. Walk the path, inspect, look for cable tray, obstructions, etc. Ask for students to identify examples of sources of EMI: fluorescent lights electrical cables Exercise: Ask students how they would run cable from one area to another. Discuss a plan for the wire run, including path, materials, other issues, etc. Walk the path, inspect, look for cable tray, obstructions, etc.

    18. Tools and Methods Cable Pulling State that technicians should know the proper procedures for cable pulling State that technicians should know the proper procedures for cable pulling

    19. Objectives List 5 tools for cable pulling Explain how cable is removed from a spool Describe safety concerns when pulling cable Describe pulling tension limits for cable Build a cable snout Review the objectives for this section. Review the objectives for this section.

    20. Tools and Methods – Cable Pulling State that fishtape and cord are essential tools for AV installers. State that fishtape and cord are essential tools for AV installers.

    21. Ask “What is this installer doing incorrectly in this photo?” Answer: There are kinks in the cable. Ask “What is this installer doing incorrectly in this photo?” Answer: There are kinks in the cable.

    22. Note that properly unspooling cable will reduce kinks. Note that properly unspooling cable will reduce kinks.

    23. State that caddies and carts can also be used to distribute cabling in a controlled manner. In many cases it is more efficient to run from spool, instead of cutting lengths prior to pull. State that caddies and carts can also be used to distribute cabling in a controlled manner. In many cases it is more efficient to run from spool, instead of cutting lengths prior to pull.

    24. Tools State that corner rollers and pulleys reduce the bending stress when pulling cabling. Transition to next series of slides - Ask how students would pull multiple lines (3 microphone and 3 video) to the same destination. State that corner rollers and pulleys reduce the bending stress when pulling cabling. Transition to next series of slides - Ask how students would pull multiple lines (3 microphone and 3 video) to the same destination.

    25. Kellum Grip State that this is an example of a manufactured cable snout (brand name Kellem) consisting of a reusable head end tool to grip multiple cables for pulling. State that this is an example of a manufactured cable snout (brand name Kellem) consisting of a reusable head end tool to grip multiple cables for pulling.

    26. Tools and Methods – Cable Pulling Clean before you pull State that prior to beginning to pull cable, ensure that the space is clear of any debris. State that prior to beginning to pull cable, ensure that the space is clear of any debris.

    27. Tools and Methods – Cable Pulling Safety issues Gloves to handle fishtape Setup barriers around work State that there are a number of safety issues to consider when pulling cable. A Hardhat should always be worn to protect against ceiling obstructions. (Sprinkler heads, pipes, beams, etc.) Eye protection should be used to protect eyes from dirt and debris that can collect on top of ceiling tiles. Avoid unsafe practices, such as misusing ladders (stepping on the brace, and above the top step). Set up barriers so that other workers will not enter the work zone. Ask students if anyone has experienced any injuries in their company for cable pulls. State that there are a number of safety issues to consider when pulling cable. A Hardhat should always be worn to protect against ceiling obstructions. (Sprinkler heads, pipes, beams, etc.) Eye protection should be used to protect eyes from dirt and debris that can collect on top of ceiling tiles. Avoid unsafe practices, such as misusing ladders (stepping on the brace, and above the top step). Set up barriers so that other workers will not enter the work zone. Ask students if anyone has experienced any injuries in their company for cable pulls.

    28. Tools and Methods – Cable Pulling Safety issues Ladder and scaffolding safety Fishtape Where is it going? Eye injuries Note that fishtape can present a hazard and should be wound onto the reel when reeling in. Note that fishtape can present a hazard and should be wound onto the reel when reeling in.

    29. Tools and Methods – Cable Pulling Cable tension limits State that it is important to handle cable gently when pulling cable through a run, since cable can be damaged by stretching. Too much tension will stretch the copper and damage the effectiveness of the wire. Snapping a cable will also exert excessive stress (using a series of short, strong pulls). Note that this chart depicts the maximum amount of tension you can exert on each type of cable without causing stress damage. State that it is important to handle cable gently when pulling cable through a run, since cable can be damaged by stretching. Too much tension will stretch the copper and damage the effectiveness of the wire. Snapping a cable will also exert excessive stress (using a series of short, strong pulls). Note that this chart depicts the maximum amount of tension you can exert on each type of cable without causing stress damage.

    30. Cable Snouts Preparation: ensure that you have the proper materials and tools necessary to enable all students to fabricate a cable snout. State that installers should know how to properly fabricate a cable snout. Note that in a few minutes, everyone will practice making a cable snout using the supplied materials. Demonstrate the procedure as you go. Preparation: ensure that you have the proper materials and tools necessary to enable all students to fabricate a cable snout. State that installers should know how to properly fabricate a cable snout. Note that in a few minutes, everyone will practice making a cable snout using the supplied materials. Demonstrate the procedure as you go.

    31. Cable Snouts Stagger the wires Taper the ends State that the objective is to create an “arrowhead” that will pass more easily through the conduit. Note that it is usually best to bundle and tape the wires first, then cut tapers. Recommend that the wires be staggered to reduce the front end size. State that the objective is to create an “arrowhead” that will pass more easily through the conduit. Note that it is usually best to bundle and tape the wires first, then cut tapers. Recommend that the wires be staggered to reduce the front end size.

    32. Cable Snouts Add some tape to hold it together State that the bundle should be taped at several positions to secure it. State that the bundle should be taped at several positions to secure it.

    33. Cable Snouts Make a slip knot over the cable about 24” from the end State that the next step is to secure the cord to the bundle by making a slip knot about 2 feet from the end of the cables. State that the next step is to secure the cord to the bundle by making a slip knot about 2 feet from the end of the cables.

    34. Cable Snouts Add some tape to hold it in place Note that the cord should be taped against the cable bundle. Note that the cord should be taped against the cable bundle.

    35. Cable Snouts Make another hoop – with a twist – and slide it down the bundle Try to put the knots in the groove between cables Repeat 3 or 4 times State that in order to ensure that the cord does not come loose, and also that the bundle can be pulled in a straight direction, the cord should be knotted in several positions along the leading portion of the bundle. State that in order to ensure that the cord does not come loose, and also that the bundle can be pulled in a straight direction, the cord should be knotted in several positions along the leading portion of the bundle.

    36. Cable Snouts Tightly wind tape over the bundle and pull string Pay close attention to bulky spots – add tape to smooth it out State that the next step is to tape the bundle to create a streamlined leading segment that can be pulled through the conduit. State that the next step is to tape the bundle to create a streamlined leading segment that can be pulled through the conduit.

    37. Cable Snouts Continue the tape to the tip to complete the snout State that the tape should cover the entire front end of the snout. Note that the tape must be stretched tightly as it is wound around the snout. Avoid using too much tape, which can increase the size of the bundle. State that the tape should cover the entire front end of the snout. Note that the tape must be stretched tightly as it is wound around the snout. Avoid using too much tape, which can increase the size of the bundle.

    38. Cable Snouts Label each cable AND spool with a temporary label State that it is important to label all of the cables so that you will be able to identify which cable is which once the bundle is pulled through the conduit. State that it is important to label all of the cables so that you will be able to identify which cable is which once the bundle is pulled through the conduit.

    39. Questions? Ask if anyone has any questions about creating a cable snout. Ask if anyone has any questions about creating a cable snout.

    40. Exercise: Build a Cable Snout Exercise: Provide students with materials and instruct them to build a Cable Snout. Provide feedback to individual students as necessary. Note that the final test is to stand on the wire and pull on the pull string. If done properly, there will be no slippage of the string. Critique the individual snouts created by the students. Have students pull the snouts through an appropriately sized section of conduit (if available). Materials include Pull string Electrical Tape Cutting pliers 3 foot lengths of various gauges of cable (at least 4 individual lengths of cable) Duration of exercise – Approximately 20 minutes – longer if pulling through conduit. Exercise: Provide students with materials and instruct them to build a Cable Snout. Provide feedback to individual students as necessary. Note that the final test is to stand on the wire and pull on the pull string. If done properly, there will be no slippage of the string. Critique the individual snouts created by the students. Have students pull the snouts through an appropriately sized section of conduit (if available). Materials include Pull string Electrical Tape Cutting pliers 3 foot lengths of various gauges of cable (at least 4 individual lengths of cable) Duration of exercise – Approximately 20 minutes – longer if pulling through conduit.

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