Do Now: #HistoryMatters

1. Do Now: #HistoryMatters Look at the photos to your right from Charlottesville, VA from last weekend. Using what you know about last weeks events, and clues from the photo, describe what is going on If someone were to Instagram these photos with the caption #historymatters would that be accurate? Why or why not? What do these photos tell us about the current climate in America? What do these photos tell us about American Values as a nation?

2. C’mon get HAPPY!!! • When we analyze a historical document, we get HAPPY!!! • H: Historical Context: What was going on when this document was written (or in the time period that the document was written about)? • A: Audience: Who is the Author speaking to? • P: Purpose: What is the point? What is the Author trying to do/say? • P: Point of View: What perspective does the author have? What might his/her biases be? • Y: Why is this document important? What is the significance or relevance?

3. Activity: Practice Getting Happy! • In groups, no larger than 4, your job is going to be to practice getting HAPPY while also reviewing early American History. • Each group will be given a popular/common document from early US history and using that document will attempt to answer the question: “What values was America founded on?” • Once you’ve completed the HAPPY graphic organizer, you will use that information to create an anchor chart about your historic document

4. HAPPY Analysis: American Values Anchor Chart Put the American Value you think best represents your document on the top FREEDOM!!! Document: Declaration of Independence Historical Context: Authors Purpose: P: Point of View P: Purpose Y: Y is this Document important? Include an abbreviated HAPPY Analysis At least 2 visuals (color/creativity =points!) Why does the Declaration of Independence=Freedom? A short explanation of why you chose that value

5. Do Now: Setting the Scene Civil War Using prior knowledge (what you already know) answer the following questions to help us set the stage for what was happening in the United States in the early 1860’s. • What were some of the primary conflicts in the United States leading up to Civil War? Were these conflicts geographic, economic, moral? Explain your answer • During the 1860’s lots of new territories were applying for statehood. While this expansion should be exciting for our growing country, it was also a major force of growing the conflicts in our country. Why do you think this was the case? • What do you think life was like for African Americans living in the United States in the 1860’s. How does this reflect on US values?

6. Video: The Missouri Compromise

7. Video Questions: Answer and Discuss • 1) Identify the goal of the Missouri Compromise • 2) How effective of a “compromise” do you think the Missouri compromise was? • 3) Based on what the song taught you about the Missouri Compromise, what can you infer about race relations/general relations in our country in the 1850’s? • 4) How “ethical” do you feel the Missouri Compromise was? Do you think there is a way we could have more ethically compromised as a nation to avoid war?

8. Chapter 4-1: The Divisive Politics of Slavery

9. Differences Between the North and South • Slavery divides the nation. North and South enter a long and destructive civil war that ends slavery. African Americans briefly enjoy full civil rights, but new laws discriminate against them. Controversy over Slavery Worsens • Southern plantation economy relies on enslaved labor • Industrialized North does not depend on slavery • South tries to spread slavery in West • North’s opposition to slavery intensifies, tries to stop its spread

10. Slavery in the Territories Statehood for California • California applies for statehood as free state in 1849; angers South The Compromise of 1850 • Slave state Texas claims eastern half of New Mexico Territory • Southern states threaten secession—withdrawal from Union • Compromise of 1850 has provisions for both sides • California becomes free state; tougher fugitive slave law enacted • Popular sovereignty, or vote, decides slavery issue in NM, Utah

11. Protest, Resistance and Violence Fugitive Slave Act • Slaves denied trial by jury; helpers fined and imprisoned • Northerners defy Act, help send slaves to safety in Canada The Underground Railroad • Abolitionists develop Underground Railroad—escape routes from South • Harriet Tubman is conductor on 19 trips to free African Americans Uncle Tom’s Cabin • Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe increases protests

12. The Underground Railroad (A Map)

13. Protests, Resistance and Violence Continued Tension in Kansas and Nebraska • Kansas, Nebraska territories north of 3630’ line, closed to slavery • 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act allows popular sovereignty on slavery “Bleeding Kansas” • Proslavery settlers from Missouri cross border to vote in Kansas • Fraudulent victory leads to violent struggle over slavery in Kansas Violence in the Senate • Charles Sumner verbally attacks slavery, singles out Andrew Butler • Preston S. Brooks, Butler’s nephew, assaults Sumner on Senate floor

14. Charlottesville Analysis: Video Questions • 1) What happened in Charlottesvillle according to the two video clips we watched on the incident? • 2) What was the response from leaders at different levels? What does this response say about our current values? • 3) How do these incidents relate directly to the events of the Civil War? • 4) How are these events similar to those during the 1860’s? How are they different?

15. Compare/ContrastCurrent Events: Violence in Charlottesville, VA • Compare the violence we discussed today in class to the violence discussed in the video. Despite being almost 150 years apart, identify where conflicts and ideals have not changed. Also identify where they have. Pre-Civil War Violence Charlottesville, VA

16. Homework: • Read article: “Confederate Statues and Our History” (link on website) and complete an article review of the article. (Be sure to title it) . https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/20/opinion/confederate-statues-american-history.html • Article Review: Summarize, Analyze, Explain Relevance • Be prepared to discuss next class. • Chapter 4.1 Reflection Question (in notebook) • 1) How would you deal with the anger and violence between the North and South in the years leading up to Civil War? Would you call for violence? Attempt to compromise? Explain your answer.

17. Do Now • What flag is this? • What is the historical significance of this flag? • What does this flag represent today? • Should this flag be considered a symbol of heritage or hatred? Explain your answer….

18. Video Questions: Confederate Memorials; Heritage or Hate? • 1) Based on the argument presented in the video how are Confederate monuments an example of heritage? • 2) Based on the argument presented in the video how are Confederate monuments an example of hate? • 3) What is your opinion of Confederate memorials? What do they represent and what should be done with them?

19. Chapter 4.1 (part II) Conflict leads to secession

20. New Political Parties Emerge Slavery Divides Whigs • Democrat Franklin Pierce elected president in 1852 • Northern, Southern Whigs split over slavery in territories • Nativist Know-Nothings also split by region over slavery The Free-Soilers’ Voice • Free-Soilers fear slavery will drive down wages of white workers The New Republican Party • Republican Party forms in 1854; oppose slavery in territories • Democrat James Buchanan elected president (1856); secession averted

21. Conflict Leads to Secession The Dred Scott Decision • Dred Scott, a slave taken to free territory by owner, claims freedom • Supreme Court denies appeal; Scott has no legal rights, not a citizen • North angry; South reads ruling as guaranteed extension of slavery Lincoln-Douglas Debates • 1858 Senate race between Senator Stephen Douglas and Abraham Lincoln • Douglas wants popular sovereignty to decide if state is free or slave • Lincoln considers slavery immoral; wants constitutional amendment

22. Conflict Leads to Secession Harper’s Ferry • John Brown leads group to arsenal to start slave uprising (1859) • Troops put down rebellion; Brown is tried, executed Lincoln Is Elected President • 1860, Lincoln beats 3 candidates, wins no southern electoral votes Southern Secession • 7 states secede after Lincoln’s victory; form Confederacy in 1861 • Former senator Jefferson Davis elected president of Confederacy

24. Quickwrite: John Brown’s Raid (American Hero or American Terrorist?) • 1) Many people say John Brown was the U.S. first domestic terrorist, while others argue that he was a national hero? Which of these perspectives do you most agree with and why? Explain your answer.

25. Activity: Dred Scott vs Sanford 1857 • In groups you will work your way through the Revolutionary case, Dred Scott v Sanford (which took place right here in St. Louis, MO) • Your job will be to set the stage for the case, determine what arguments could be used on each side and ultimately analyze how they came to the conclusion that they did.

26. Homework • Reflection Question 4.1 • 2) Evaluate the leadership of two of the following people and explain why you think the person you chose had the greatest impact on American History: • John Brown • Dred Scott • Harriet Tubman • Harriet Beecher Stowe • Stephen Douglas

27. Do Now: The South has Seceeded! • 1) What do you think the Impact of Secession will be on the nation as a whole? What will the impact be on specific groups (southerners, slaves, business owners, plantation owners) • 2) Should the North have tried harder to APPEASE the south to keep them in the Union? • 3)Is a war necessary to keep the country together or are there other steps we could take as a nation?

28. So Where Did We Leave Off?

29. Chapter 4-2: The civil war begins

30. Union and Confederate Forces Clash • Shortly after the nation’s Southern states secede from the Union, war begins between the North and South. Southern States Take Sides • 1861, Fort Sumter in Charleston falls; Lincoln calls for volunteers • 4 more slave states join Confederacy • Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, Missouri remain in Union Strengths and Strategies • Northern strengths: more people, factories, food production • Southern strengths: cotton, good generals, motivated soldiers • Union plan: blockade ports, split South in two, capture Richmond

31. Union and Confederate Forces Clash (Cont) The War for the Capitals • Robert E. Lee takes command of Confederate Army in 1862: — drives General George McClellan from Richmond — loses at Antietam, bloodiest one-day battle • McClellan removed from command, lets battered Confederates withdraw

32. The Politics of War Britain Remains Neutral • Britain does not need cotton, does need Northern goods Proclaiming Emancipation • Emancipation Proclamation empowers army to free Confederate slaves • Gives soldiers moral purpose; compromise no longer possible Both Sides Face Political Dissent • Lincoln, Davis suspend habeas corpus to suppress disloyalty, dissent

33. Life During Wartime War Leads to Social Upheaval • Casualties, desertions lead to conscription on both sides • Conscription—draft that forces men to enlist; leads to draft riots African Americans Fight for Freedom • African Americans are 1% of North’s population, 10% of army • Serve in separate regiments, paid less than whites for most of war Soldiers Suffer on Both Sides • Soldiers often sick from camp filth, limited diet, poor medical care • Prisons overcrowded, unsanitary; many die of malnutrition, disease

34. Life During Wartime (Continued) Women Work to Improve Conditions • Thousands of women serve as nurses for both sides • Union nurse Clara Barton later founds American Red Cross The War Affects Regional Economies • Confederacy faces food shortage, increased prices, inflation • Union army’s need for supplies supports Northern industry • North’s standard of living declines • Congress enactsincome tax (percentage of income) to pay for war

35. Classtime Activity: Twitter War • Knowing the views and opinions from both sides of the war, create a short Twitter war between the Union and the Confederacy. You can use characters from both areas (i.e. Jefferson Davis and Abraham Lincoln) or just a generic name. Fill the “tweeter” paper with popular trends (#rebellion) and figures from the time period in the Following section. Use at least 5 vocabulary terms from chapters 4-1 and 4-2 (underline vocabulary words). SouthernCharm1841@North4thewin: P.U Lincoln is Stinkin. It’s time to start our own country #confederatepride #slavery4thewin North4thewin@SouthernCharm1841: What a sore loser! U don’t get ur way so you throw a temper tantrum. #Growup #Growurowncrops SouthernCharm1841@North4thewin: Typical yankee hater. Why would I #growmyowncrops when I can have slaves do it 4 free? #secede2succeed North4thewin@SouthernCharm1841:Good luck with that. You’re all cotton and no factories. #2lazy2plant #2lazy2fight

36. Homework: Emancipation Proclamation • Read the Emancipation Proclamation on page 172 in your textbook (if you don’t have a book you can google this document) and answer the following questions in your notebook. • 1)What does the Emancipation Proclamation declare and why is this important? • 2) What was the purpose of the Emancipation Proclamation? (to free the slaves, to anger the south?) • 2) Do you believe the Emancipation Proclamation freed the slaves? Why or why not? Explain your answer.

37. Do Now: Emancipation = Freedom? • 1) What was the emancipation proclamation? • 2) Why do many people argue that the Emancipation Proclamation did not free the slaves (despite that the language of the document clearly states that it does)? • 3) Do you think the Emancipation Proclamation freed the slaves? Why or why not?

38. Emancipation….well kinda

39. Video Questions: Answer and Discuss • Why does Mr Betts infer that the Emancipation Proclamation only “kinda” freed the slaves? • What effect do you think this Proclamation is going to have on the Civil War? • Does Lincoln deserve to get credit for abolishing slavery? Why or why not?

40. Chapter 4-3: The North takes charge

41. The Tide Turns • After four years of bloody fighting, the Union wears down the Confederacy and wins the war. Southern Victories • December 1862, Fredericksburg; May 1863, Chancellorsville The Battle of Gettysburg • North wins decisive three-day battle of Gettysburg, July 1863 • Total casualties were more than 30%; South demoralized The Gettysburg Address • Nov. 1863, Lincoln gives Gettysburg Address at cemetery dedication • Speech helps country realize it is a unified nation

42. The Tide Turns (Continued) Grant Wins at Vicksburg • May-July 1863, Grant sieges Vicksburg after unsuccessful attacks

43. The Confederacy Wears Down Confederates Seek Peace • Confederacy no longer able to attack; works toward armistice • Southern newspapers, legislators, public call for peace Total War • Lincoln appoints Grant commander of all Union Armies (1864) • Grant appoints William Tecumseh Sherman as Western commander • Grant, Sherman wage total war to destroy South’s will to fight • Grant’s strategy to decimate Lee’s army while Sherman raids Georgia

44. Activity: Creating a Civil War Map • You will be using your book and your knowledge of the Civil War events to create an interactive map of major Civil War events. • Please be sure to include a key and ensure that the map is clearly labeled to include all parts. • This is not group work, each person much turn in their own map, although you may share supplies or books as needed. • Voice levels should be low, however, quiet talking will be permitted as long as it does not take away from the work being completed.

45. Homework • 1) Read the Gettsyburg Address on page 177 in your textbook and complete a HAPPY analysis of the speech. You can do directly in your notebook or use the Graphic Organizers to help you. • H: Historical Context (What was happening?) • A: Audience (Who was he speaking to?) • P: Purpose? (What was he trying to accomplish?) • P:Point of View? (What was his frame of reference? Bias?) • Y: Why is this document important?

46. Do Now: Sore Losers • 1) Based on the anger, violence and resentment that was harbored in the US before the Civil War, how do you think the “losers” of the war will feel when it is over? • 2) What do you think some of the major impacts on our country will be when the war is over? Political, Social, Economic?

47. I’m a Good Ole Rebel: Confederate Civil War Song Questions • 1) What tone does this song suggest that the Confederates have towards the Union (or the Yankees?) • 2) Do you think songs like this helped to boost the morale of the Confederate Army? • 3) Does this song suggest that the Confederates will be willing to Compromise with the Union at the end of the Civil War?

48. Chapter 4-3 Continued The Confederacy Wears Down

49. The Confederacy Wears Down Sherman’s March • Spring 1864, Sherman creates a path of destruction through Georgia The Election of 1864 • Lincoln’s unexpected reelection helped by Sherman’s victories The Surrender at Appomatox • April 1865, Grant, Lee sign surrender at Appomatox Court House • Within a month, all remaining Confederate resistance collapses

50. The War Changes the Nation Human Cost of the War • Approximately 360,000 Union and 260,000 Confederate soldiers die Political and Economic Changes • Civil War increases power, authority of federal government • Southern economy shattered: industry, farmlands destroyed A Revolution in Warfare • Developments in military technology make fighting more deadly • Ironclad ships change naval warfare