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Electron Structure in Atoms

Electron Structure in Atoms. AP Chemistry Jeremy Wolf. Wave Nature of Light. Where v (nu) is the frequency of the radiation in reciprocal seconds (s –1 ), l (lambda) is the wavelength in meters, c is the speed of light (3.00 x 10 8 m/s), and h is Plank’s constant (6.626 x 10 -34 J*s).

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Electron Structure in Atoms

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  1. Electron Structure in Atoms AP Chemistry Jeremy Wolf

  2. Wave Nature of Light • Where v (nu) is the frequency of the radiation in reciprocal seconds (s–1), l (lambda) is the wavelength in meters, c is the speed of light (3.00 x 108 m/s), and h is Plank’s constant (6.626 x 10-34 J*s). • E = h v • c = λv

  3. Sample Problem • What is the energy of a photon with the wavelength of 500 nm? • c = λv • 3.00 x 108 m/s = 500 x 10-9 m * (v) • v = 5.98 x 1014 1/s • E = h v • E = (6.626 x 10-34 J*s)(5.98 x 1014 1/s) • E = 3.96 x 10-19 Joules

  4. Photoelectric Effect

  5. Bohr’s Model • RH is the Rydberg constant (2.18 x 10–18J). The energy of an electron is, by convention, a negative number. When an electron resides in the orbit designated by n = 1, it is said to be in the ground state.

  6. Electron Transitions

  7. Wave Behavior of Matter • De Broglie’s Equation to calculate the wave nature of any particle:

  8. Quantum Numbers for Atomic Orbitals • 1. The principal QN, n, can have positive integer values. (1, 2, 3, . . . ). The principal quantum number determines the size of the orbital. The larger the value of n, the larger the orbital. • 2. The second or azimuthal QN, l, can have integer values from 0 to n–1. The value of l determines the shape of the orbital. Each value of l has a letter associated with it to designate orbital shape. • 3. The magnetic quantum number, ml, can have integer values from –l through +l. The magnetic quantum number determines the orbital's orientation in space. • The Spin QN, ms, can be either +1/2 or -1/2 and it describes the electron’s rotation about its axis as either clockwise or counter-clockwise

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