“The High Middle Ages”

1. “The High Middle Ages” CIV 101-02 October 28, 2015 class 27

2. How Dark were the Dark Ages? • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cqzq01i2O3U

3. How to kill antibiotic-resistant super bugs?THROW MEDIEVAL SHIT ON THEM. • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mo4K51bQVs0 • http://www.latimes.com/science/sciencenow/la-sci-sn-medieval-remedy-superbug-20150331-story.html

4. Prior to 1000… • Europe sparsely populated, dotted with villages of farmers and warriors, covered with forests… • Feudal system in place • Life expectancy around 30-35 • The templates for the, later, High Middle Ages are set • Then modified in the HMA

5. One sure thing(well, actually two or three) • With a life like this: • plagues/disease, poor hygiene/sanitation, bad outcomes at childbirth, bad diet/low vitamins, hard work, wars/invaders, lack of literacy/little or no education, daylight and dark (candles), bad air as the forests are going to be denuded…. • And since hell is proposed to be worse, • the ONLY way to improve one’s lot is to be sure you go to HEAVEN when you die • SO THE CHURCH IS EVERYTHING!!!!!!

6. Plus . . . • The Church guys have things a little better, here, on earth, even in this life. • Literacy • “Protection” • Generally, places to live and adequate food supplies • and they are connected to the leadership (or are the leadership)—all of which might help you out a bit in this life.

7. Prior to 1000… and beyond http://www.slideshare.net/pcbersick/feudalism-and-life-in-the-middle-ages

8. Prior to 1000… and beyond http://www.slideshare.net/pcbersick/feudalism-and-life-in-the-middle-ages

10. Toward the Renaissance, through the high(er) Middle Ages… things start to improve a bit • population increased from 38.5M to 73.5M from 1000 to 1300 • the rise of towns and cities intensifies density and birth rates • life expectancy heads toward the top end of 30-35 • However, the population density and filth in the cities makes the West vulnerable to disease.

11. Black Plague1347-1350 in Europe: • 1347: Plague strikes Sicily • 1348: France struck by the Black Death in January;  England in August • 1360: Recurrence of the Plague • 1369: Recurrence of the Plague • Within 1-7 days the first symptoms occurred, including fever, nausea, headache and an infection the lymph nodes. https://deathblack.wordpress.com/category/statistics/

12. Black Plague1347-1350 in Europe: • In less than two years 30% to 60% of the population of Europe was wiped out • Nearly 75 million died in western Europe alone. • 180,00 people died in London in the course of three years. • Almost 1/3 of the worlds population had died from the plague by 1350 • Estimates go from 100 to 200 million deaths worldwide. • The mortality rate of the bubonic plague was 30% to 75%

13. Toward the Renaissance, through the high(er) Middle Ages… back to things starting to improve • European “countries” are now more fully formed • The French Monarchy • The English Monarchy • The German Empire • Papal monarchies still • 9 Crusades between 1095-1272

14. http://www.slideshare.net/pcbersick/feudalism-and-life-in-the-middle-ageshttp://www.slideshare.net/pcbersick/feudalism-and-life-in-the-middle-ages

15. Crusades • http://explorethemed.com/Crusades.asp • Really nice interactive map that I can’t use here

16. http://www.hsse.nie.edu.sg/maps/ancient_time%20map/DSC07843a.jpghttp://www.hsse.nie.edu.sg/maps/ancient_time%20map/DSC07843a.jpg

17. Beginnings of the balance between spiritual and secular • but really, only because they interacted so much over the work of the church—which was also the work of the state. • This isn’t going to change, much, until the Renaissance, the Scientific Revolution, and the Reformation.

18. Advances from the Islamic world (via the Crusades, travel to Spain, and trade)

19. Advances from the Islamic world (via the crusades, travel to Spain, and tradeWe covered these last time • Hospitals • Arabic numbers and mathematical reasoning (algebra, etc. is going to bring us Copernicus and others soon), • Paper (and that leads to an increase in literature, copying) • Calligraphy (illustrated manuscripts) • The textual recoveries by the Muslims leak into the West • and encourage what comes later– the West doing it • Grand architecture • Better water power • Iron works • The bard (often with a stringed instrument) • Textile advances • House of Learning (including analytical reasoning that leads to Descartes and modern western science)

20. Particularly Western Advances • Magna Carta • English Parliament • Radically “new” form of government that hearkens back to the best of the Greek democracy and Roman Republic. • Investiture Controversies (who makes a pope; who makes a king): working out Church/State relations (well, actually, “breaking down” some of the connections) • Romanesque and Gothic architecture

21. Particularly Western Advances • Christian religious orders (groups) with differing foci (they don’t know it, but portends Protestants) • Scholasticism: applying rhetorical techniques and argument to controversial questions • Aided by advances from the House of Learning • Rise of the Universities • Gregorian music/chant (at the start of the western 7 note major scale) • Dante • Some vernacular literature (courtly love and such— heads toward setting “manners”

22. Particularly Western Advances • Spinning wheels (cloth) (comes from Asia via the Arabs, but becomes industrialized in the West). • Hour glass • Blast furnaces for smelting iron • Better farming techniques • Rotating fields in 3 field systems • Horses instead of oxen (saddles and collars and shoes) • Iron Plough

23. Middle Ages in 3 1/2 minutes • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6EAMqKUimr8