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Tiberius (r. 14-37 AD). Treason laws: 35 successful cases out of 106 Refused titles imperator (emperor) and pater patriae (father of the country) princeps (first man) Increasing power of senate at expense of people Last 11 years of life on Capri.
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Tiberius (r. 14-37 AD) Treason laws: 35 successful cases out of 106 Refused titles imperator (emperor) and pater patriae (father of the country) princeps (first man) Increasing power of senate at expense of people Last 11 years of life on Capri
Gaius Caligula (“little boot,” r. 37-41 AD) Co-heir with Gemellus Caligula (pl. caligulae, diminutive of caligae)
Initially gaining popularity among people and favour of senate Oct 37 AD Serious illness. Thereafter arranges deaths of family members and supporters 39 AD Relations with senate have deteriorated, and Caligula seeking recognition of divine nature 41 AD Assassinated by members of army, senate and administration
Claudius (r. 41-54 AD) Bribes Praetorian Guard Initially seeking goodwill of senate 47 and 48 AD Censor, bringing senate under control Enlarges amici caesaris (council of advisors) esp. with freedmen 54 AD Dies, possibly poisoned by Agrippina, possibly from over-indulging
Nero (r. 54-68 AD) Initially guided by others incl. Agrippina, Seneca. Seeks favour of senate 55 AD Dismisses Pallas, poisons Britannicus 59 AD Has Agrippina killed. Others follow incl. wife Octavia 62 AD Resumes treason trials July 64 AD Fire in Rome
68 AD Galba declared emperor by troops. Nero gradually abandoned, commits suicide. End of Julio-Claudian line of emperors The Year of the Four Emperors, 68-69 AD: Galba (68-69 AD) Otho (69 AD) Vitellius (69 AD) Vespasian (69-79 AD)
Vespasian (r. 69-79 AD) First Flavian emperor End 70 AD Completes defeat of supporters of Vitellius, also conquest of Jerusalem 73 AD Censor, makes changes to senate and state administration, reforms state finances 79 AD Dies of fever
Titus (r. 79-81 AD) Concerns about wild youth, but becomes model princeps, keen to promote welfare of people, loved by subjects
Domitian (r. 81-96 AD) Autocratic Became censor for life Dominus et deus (Lord and God) Spending on entertainments, personal glorification
Use of treason trials, financing wars with confiscated property 89 AD Rebellion leads to persecution complex 96 AD Assassinated by Stephanus and others. End of Flavian dynasty