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Motor Vehicles & Social Policy. 1. Recall from the Lecture on Epidemics and Substance Abuse. The importance of road traffic collisions determining the index of disabilty adjusted life years = years lost of life + years lived with disability.
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Recall from the Lecture on Epidemics and Substance Abuse The importance of road traffic collisions determining the index of disabilty adjusted life years = years lost of life + years lived with disability
Estimated Leading Causes of Disability-Adjusted Life-Years (DALYS) in the U.S., 1996 * * * * * * * * * * * Michaud CM, Murray CJL, Bloom BR. JAMA 2001; 285(5):535-539.
Estimated Leading Causes of Disability-Adjusted Life-Years (DALYS) in the U.S., 1996 * * * * * * Michaud CM, Murray CJL, Bloom BR. JAMA 2001; 285(5):535-539.
Issues • Private optima & social optima • Government Regulation Versus Market Solutions • Collision Statistics and Risk • Local Traffic: Volume, Collisions, and Congestion • Control of Driving Under the Influence, DUI 5
Part I: Private Optima Vs. Social Optima • The Value of Time and Speeding 6
Time saved Time for travel 10
Vehicle CostsVictoria Transport Policy Institute Fixed costs: $ 2884/360 = $8 per day 13
Fixed costs 14
Variable costs $0.14mile* 100 =$14, corrected for inefficiency 15
Risk of fatality: 1.27 per 100 million miles traveled, or 1.27*10-6 *$1.4 Million or about $2, but U-shaped with speed 18
Part II. Government RegulationVersus the Private Market • self – insurance against risk of accidents • Civil Law-suit for damages • Government Requires Insurance of all Drivers • Uninsured driver • Moral hazard? 20
Part III: Risk of an Accident • Collision Statistics • Number of collisions involving fatalities • Number of Collisions Involving Injuries • Number of Collisions Involving Only Property Damage • Region • US • California • Santa Barbara County • Oxnard-Ventura 21
Why Did the Number of Fatal Crashes Start Declining? • Safer cars? • Seat belts • Air bags • Safer Roads? • Safer Drivers? 24
Passenger car involvement down, light trucks & motorcycles up 27
Local Traffic & Traffic Measures • Traffic Volume or Counts • Traffic Collisions: Fatal, Injury, Property Damage Only • Traffic Congestion 34
Traffic Collisions Involving Injuries,Traffic Congestion & Public Transportation Positive? 41
Traffic Collisions Involving Injuries,Traffic Congestion & Public Transportation Still + 43
Control Of DUI • History: Sweden • Guiding Force: Temperance Movement in Parliament • History: Great Britain • Guiding Force: Physicians • History: US • Guiding Force: MADD, SADD • History: CA 45
NHTSA 46
NHTSA 47
Motor Vehicle Drivers in Fatal Collisions By Age, Under the Influence, 2009 CA 49