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以流量為基礎之 IEEE 802.16e 睡眠排程機制 A Load-based Power Saving and Scheduling Scheme in IEEE 802.16e

以流量為基礎之 IEEE 802.16e 睡眠排程機制 A Load-based Power Saving and Scheduling Scheme in IEEE 802.16e. 國立暨南國際大學 資訊工程系 楊峻權 2010.05.04. Outline. Introduction Wireless Standards, IEEE 802.16e/m Power Saving Techniques IEEE 802.16e/m Power Saving Class Related Work Load-based Power Saving

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以流量為基礎之 IEEE 802.16e 睡眠排程機制 A Load-based Power Saving and Scheduling Scheme in IEEE 802.16e

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  1. 以流量為基礎之IEEE 802.16e睡眠排程機制A Load-based Power Saving and Scheduling Scheme in IEEE 802.16e 國立暨南國際大學 資訊工程系 楊峻權 2010.05.04

  2. Outline • Introduction • Wireless Standards, IEEE 802.16e/m • Power Saving Techniques • IEEE 802.16e/m Power Saving Class • Related Work • Load-based Power Saving • LBPS-Aggr, LBPS-Split, LBPS-Merge • Performance Evaluation • Conclusion

  3. Wireless Standards Wide Area Network (WAN) 802.16e/m Nomadic 802.20 Mobile 802.21 Handoff 802.22 WRAN 2, 2.5, 3G Cellular Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) 802.16/WiMax Fixed Wireless MAN Local Area Network (LAN) 802.11 Wi-Fi Personal Area Network (PAN) 802.15.1 Bluetooth 802.15.3 802.15.4 Zigbee

  4. IEEE 802.16 Standards (1)

  5. IEEE 802.16 Standards (2)

  6. IEEE 802.16e • Newly developed broadband wireless communication technology • MSS is battery-powered • An effective power-saving strategy is necessary for extending the operation time • Periodically turn off the transceiver to save power (Sleep Mode)

  7. IEEE 802.16e MAC protocol • Frequency division duplex (FDD) mode and time division duplex (TDD) mode • Downlink: from the BS to MSSs • Point-to-multipoint broadband wireless access • Uplink • Multiple MSSs share one slotted uplink channel via TDD on a demand basis for voice, data, and multimedia traffic • The BS handles bandwidth allocation by assigning uplink slots based on requests from MSSs

  8. IEEE 802.16e Service classes • Unsolicited Grant Service (UGS) • Real-Time Polling Service (rtPS) • Non-Real-Time Polling Service (nrtPs) • Best Effort (BE) IEEE 802.16e  IEEE 802.16m (1Gbps, 4G)

  9. IEEE 802.16m Service classes • Real-time constant bit-rate(e.g., VoIP without silence suppression) • Extended real-time variable bit-rate(e.g., VoIP with silence suppression) • Real-time variable bit-rate(e.g., MPEG video) • Non-real time variable bit-rate(e.g., FTP, HTTP) • Best effort(e.g., E-mail)

  10. Power Saving Techniques (1) • Application layer • Load partitioning (computation performed at BS) • Reduce # of transmissions for operations (e.g. via data compression) • Transport layer • Reduce # of retransmissions • Network layer • Power efficient routing through a multi-hop network

  11. Power Saving Techniques (2) • Data link layer • Reduce # of packet errors at a receiving node • Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ)and Forward Error Correction (FEC) • MAC layer • Sleep scheduling protocols • Cycle the radio between its on and off power states • Physical layer • Proper hardware design techniques

  12. IEEE 802.16e Power Saving • Three types of Power Saving Class (PSC) • Type I: MSS doubles its next sleep period if no packets are sent or received • Type II: MSS repeats the sleeping and listening periods in a round-robin fashion • Type III: MSS sleeps for the predefined period and then returns to normal operation

  13. IEEE 802.16e Type I PSC

  14. IEEE 802.16e Type II PSC

  15. IEEE 802.16e Type III PSC

  16. IEEE 802.16m Type IV PSC

  17. IEEE 802.16m PSC

  18. Related Work (1) • Performance analysis (mainly PSC Type I) • For downlink traffic by semi-Markov chain (IEEE Comm. Mag. 2005) • For downlink & uplink by Poisson traffic pattern (IEEE Comm. Mag. 2006) • Hyper-Erlang distributed inter-arrival time (IEEE WCNC 2007) • Optimal selection of PSC I and II (IEEE WCNC 2007)

  19. Related Work (2) • Adaptive power saving mechanisms • Adjusting the waiting time before entering the sleep mode • Adjusting the initial and final sleep windows (IEEE Globecom 2006) • Delay-based sleep scheduling • Latest enhancements (IEEE Trans. VT 2009, 2010)

  20. Load-based Power Saving • Weakness of PSC I and PSC II • Exponential increase or constant pattern • Traffic modeling and Measurement • Poisson arrival process (uplink & downlink) • MSS’s load  sleep cycle length • Data accumulation threshold (1 time frame) • BS responsible for sleep schedule

  21. LBPS in light load

  22. LBPS in heavy load

  23. LBPS-Aggr Protocol

  24. LBPS Mathematics (1)

  25. LBPS Mathematics (2) Data_TH = one time frame of data Prob_TH = 0.8 in the simulation

  26. Problem with LBPS-Aggr • Unrealistic assumption of synchronized sleep cycle for all MSSs • Low utilization of mini-slots in a time frame • Two enhancements • LBPS-Split • LBPS-Merge

  27. LBPS-Split Protocol (1)

  28. LBPS-Split Protocol (2)

  29. Features of LBPS-Split • Dividing MSSs to separate groups • All MSSs with the same length(K*) of the sleep cycle • Is it possible to use different value of K* for different MSS?  LBPS-Merge • Schedulability for different K*

  30. LBPS-Merge Protocol (1) 2

  31. LBPS-Merge Protocol (2)

  32. Simulation Study

  33. Performance Criteria • Power Saving Efficiency (PSE) • PSE = (K-1)/K • Access delay

  34. Power Saving Efficiency (1)

  35. Power Saving Efficiency (2)

  36. Access Delay (1)

  37. Access Delay (2)

  38. LBPS-Split: Impact of # MSS (1)

  39. LBPS-Split: Impact of # MSS (2)

  40. LBPS-Merge: Impact of # MSS (1)

  41. LBPS-Merge: Impact of # MSS (2)

  42. Impact of load distribution (1)

  43. Impact of load distribution (2)

  44. Conclusion & Future Work • Load-Based Power Saving • Traffic Modeling & Measurement • LBPS-Aggr, LBPS-Split, LBPS-Merge • Better power saving efficiency • Future work • Integrated real-time and non-real-time • More general traffic modeling

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