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Friedrich Schleiermacher (A Theory Applied to “Animal Farm” Translations)

Friedrich Schleiermacher (A Theory Applied to “Animal Farm” Translations). Dr. Asgarzadeh’s Course of Translation Criticism Presented by Omid Zhian Tabasy. Introduction.

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Friedrich Schleiermacher (A Theory Applied to “Animal Farm” Translations)

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  1. Friedrich Schleiermacher(A Theory Applied to “Animal Farm” Translations) Dr. Asgarzadeh’s Course of Translation Criticism Presented by OmidZhianTabasy

  2. Introduction • Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher(November 21, 1768 – February 12, 1834) was a German theologian, philosopher, and biblical scholar known for his attempt to reconcile the criticisms of the Enlightenment with traditional Protestant Christianity. He also became influential in the evolution of Higher Criticism, and his work forms part of the foundation of the modern field of hermeneutics. Because of his profound impact on subsequent Christian thought, he is often called the "Father of Modern Liberal Theology" and is considered an early leader in liberal Christianity. The Neo-Orthodoxy movement of the twentieth century, typically (though not without challenge) seen to be spearheaded by Karl Barth, was in many ways an attempt to challenge his influence.

  3. Biography • Birth • November 21, 1768 • Breslau, Silesia, Prussia • Son of a Reformed Church chaplain in the Prussian Army

  4. Biography - Life • Life • Started formal education in a Moravian school • Was not satisfied with pietistic Moravian theology • Abandoned pietism and adopted rationalism • Entered the University of Halle • Finished his course at Halle where he became acquainted with historical criticism and philosophy of Plato, Aristotle, Kant and Jacobi

  5. Biography - Life • Was a private tutor • Became a chaplain • Was strongly influenced by German Romanticism • Started his first works • Became a pastor • Did a translation of Plato (vols. 1–5, 1804–1810; vol. 6, Repub. 1828) • In 1804 moved as university preacher and professor of theology to the university of Halle • Done most of his major works

  6. References • Munday, J. (2012) Introducing Translation Studies: Theories and Applications, Rourledge • RoutledgeEncyclepedia of Translation Studies, Edited by Baker M. & Saldanha G. • en.wikipedia.org • Orwell, G. (1946) Animal Farm • اورول، جورج (چاپ پنجم – 1389) مزرعه حیوانات، ترجمه حسینی، صالح • اورول، جورج (چاپ اول – 1390) مزرعه حیوانات، ترجمه امیر شاهی، امیر

  7. Biography - Death • Death • Died of an inflammation of the lungs • February 12, 1834 • Berlin, Brandenburg, Prussia

  8. Thought and Philosophy • Theology • Recognized as a founder of modern Protestant theology • Psychology • Dualism of the ego and the non-ego • Hermeneutics • Modern hermeneutics proper is usually said to begin in the Romantic period with Friedrich Schleiermacher.

  9. Translation Theory • Hermeneutics • A Romantic approach to interpretation based not on absolute truth but on the individual’s inner feeling and understanding • Types of translator • Dolmetscher: who translates commercial texts • Ubersetzer: who works on scholarly and artistic texts • According to Schleiermacher: • is on a higher creative plane • breathes new life into the language

  10. Ubersetzerthe “true” translator • Two possible paths open to the translator: • Alienating: the translator leaves the writer in peace as much as possible and moves the reader toward him • Scheleiermacher prefers this strategy • Gives the reader, through the translation, the impression he would have received, as a target language native would have received, reading the work in the original language • Emphasizes the value of the foreign by ‘bending’ TL word-usage to try to ensure faithfulness to the ST • Naturalizing: the translator leaves the reader in peace as much as possible and moves the writer toward him

  11. Legacy • Venuti • Foreignization Alienating • Domestication Naturalizing

  12. Comparative criticism of the Translations Naturalizing • Alienating VS

  13. MR. JONES, of the Manor Farm, had locked the hen-houses for thenight, but was too drunk to remember to shut the popholes. With thering of light from his lantern dancing from side to side, he lurchedacross the yard, kicked off his boots at the back door, drew himself alast glass of beer from the barrel in the scullery, and made his way up tobed, where Mrs. Jones was already snoring. (Page 1 – Paragraph 1) امیر شاهی (صفحه 5 – پاراگراف 1) صالح حسینی (صفحه 5 – پاراگراف 1) شب که شد آقای جونز، صاحب مزرعه اربابی، درِ مرغداری را قفل کرده بود، منتها از فرط مستی یادش رفته بود روزنه‌های بالای آن را ببندد. در حلقه روشنایی فانوسش که این سو و آن سو تاب می‌خورد، تلوتلو خوران از حیاط گذشت. به درِ عقب که رسید، چکمه‌اش را با شلنگه از پا درآورد و آخرین گیلاس آبجو را از بشکهظرفشوخانه پر کرد و راهش را کشید به تختخواب رفت. خانم جونز تا بگویی چه، صدای خروپفش بلند شده بود. • آقای جونز مالک مزرعه مانُر]اربابی[ به اندازه‌یی مست بود که شب وقتی درِ مرغدانی را قفل کرد، فراموش کرد که دریچه‌ی بالایی آن را ببندد. تلوتلو کنان با شعاع نور فانوس‌اش که رقص‌کنان تاب می‌خورد سراسر محوطه‌ی بیرونی را پیمود. همین که وارد اتاق شد کفش‌اش را از پشت در از پا کند و بیرون انداخت و بلافاصله یک لیوان نوشیدنی را از بطری پر کرد و افتان و خیزان به سمت اتاق خواب که خانم جونز در آن در حال خرناس کشیدن بود رفت.

  14. …It had been agreed that they should all meet in the big barn as soon as Mr. Jones was safely out of the way. Old Major… (page 1 – Paragraph 1) امیر شاهی (صفحه 5 – پاراگراف 2و3) صالح حسینی (صفحه 6 – پاراگراف 1) ... بنا را بر این گذاشتند که به محض خلاص شدن از شر آقای جونز، همگی در طویله بزرگ جمع شوند. میجر پیر ... (در یک پاراگراف) • ... مقرر شده بود به محض اینکه خطرِ وجودِ آقای جونز در میان نباشد، همگی در انبار بزرگ تجمع کنند. میجرِ پیر ... (در دو پاراگراف) (به نظر می‌رسد که احتمال اشتباه در زمان ویراست در این مورد قویتر باشد)

  15. … something between Clementine and La Cucaracha … (Page 6 – Paragraph 1) امیر شاهی (صفحه 12 – پاراگراف 2) صالح حسینی (صفحه 14 – پاراگراف 2) ... و الحق آهنگ آن نیز شور انگیز بود ... (حذف شده است) • ... چیزی بود بین کلمَنتین و لاکوکاراچا ...

  16. Beasts of England, beasts of Ireland,Beasts of every land and clime,Hearken to my joyful tidingsOf the golden future time.(Page 6 – Paragraph 1) امیر شاهی (صفحه 12 – پاراگراف 2) صالح حسینی (صفحه 14 – پاراگراف 2) بگوش ای وحوش ایرلند و انگلیس، شما ای ستوران این سرزمین، نوید رهایی نثار شما، ز ایام زرین بدین سرزمین. (در کل ابیات به سمت خواننده رفته‌اند) (قسمت اول حذف شده) • حیوان سراسر گیتی همه خاموش چشم و گوش به من می‌دهم مژده‌یی مسرت بخش خوش‌تر از این نبود و نیست سخن (در کل ابیات به سمت خواننده رفته‌اند)

  17. These three had elaborated old Major's teachings into a completesystem of thought, to which they gave the name of Animalism.(Page 8 – Paragraph 2) امیر شاهی (صفحه 16 – پاراگراف 2) صالح حسینی (صفحه 19 – پاراگراف 2) این سه نفر تعالیم میجر پیر را شرح کردند و به نظام فکری کاملی تبدیل کردند و بر آن نام حیوانیت گذاشتند. (توضیح آنکه، حیوانیت به نظر سعی در جهت Naturalize کردن واژه است که در عین حال بار معنایی صحیحی ندارد و در تضاد با هدف مربوطه است) • این سه خوک، تعلیمات میجر را به صورت یک دستگاه فکری بسط داده بودند و بر آن نام ((حیوانی گری)) گذاشته بودند. (توضیح آنکه، قاعدتا واژه ((اَنیمالیسم)) نزدکترین به حالت Alienating است ولی ((حیوانی‌گری)) نیز در این طیف به آن نزدیک‌تر از ((حیوانیت)) که دارای بار معنایی خاص است به نظر می‌رسد)

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